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====Bacteria – Gram-Positive Bacilli====   
====Bacteria – Gram-Positive Bacilli====   
:* [[Actinomyces israelii]]
* [[Actinomyces israelii]]
:* [[Arcanobacterium haemolyticum]]
* [[Arcanobacterium haemolyticum]]
:* [[Bacillus]]
* [[Bacillus]]
::* [[Bacillus anthracis]]
:* [[Bacillus anthracis]]
::* [[Bacillus cereus]]
:* [[Bacillus cereus]]
::* [[Bacillus subtilis]]
:* [[Bacillus subtilis]]
:* [[Clostridium]]
* [[Clostridium]]
::* [[Clostridium botulinum]]
:* [[Clostridium botulinum]]
::* [[Clostridium difficile]]
:* [[Clostridium difficile]]
::* [[Clostridium perfringens]]
:* [[Clostridium perfringens]]
::* [[Clostridium tetani]]
:* [[Clostridium tetani]]
:* [[Corynebacterium]]
* [[Corynebacterium]]
::* [[Corynebacterium diphtheriae]]
:* [[Corynebacterium diphtheriae]]
::* [[Corynebacterium jeikeium]]
:* [[Corynebacterium jeikeium]]
::* [[Corynebacterium urealyticum]]
:* [[Corynebacterium urealyticum]]
:* [[Coxiella burnetii]]
* [[Coxiella burnetii]]
:* [[Ehrlichia]]
* [[Ehrlichia]]


:* [[Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae]]
* [[Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae]]
::* Erysipeloid of Rosenbach (localized cutaneous infection)<ref>{{cite book | last = Bartlett | first = John | title = Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases | publisher = Jones and Bartlett Learning | location = Burlington, MA | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-1449625580 }}</ref>
:* Erysipeloid of Rosenbach (localized cutaneous infection)<ref>{{cite book | last = Bartlett | first = John | title = Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases | publisher = Jones and Bartlett Learning | location = Burlington, MA | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-1449625580 }}</ref>
:::* Preferred regimen (1): [[Penicillin G benzathine]] 1.2 MU IV as a single dose
::* Preferred regimen (1): [[Penicillin G benzathine]] 1.2 MU IV as a single dose
:::* Preferred regimen (2): [[Penicillin VK]] 250 mg PO qid for 5-7 days
::* Preferred regimen (2): [[Penicillin VK]] 250 mg PO qid for 5-7 days
:::* Preferred regimen (3): [[Procaine penicillin]] 0.6-1.2 MU IM qd for 5-7 days
::* Preferred regimen (3): [[Procaine penicillin]] 0.6-1.2 MU IM qd for 5-7 days
:::* Alternative regimen (1): [[Erythromycin]] 250 mg PO qid for 5-7 days
::* Alternative regimen (1): [[Erythromycin]] 250 mg PO qid for 5-7 days
:::* Alternative regimen (2): [[Doxycycline]] 100 mg PO bid for 5-7 days
::* Alternative regimen (2): [[Doxycycline]] 100 mg PO bid for 5-7 days


::* Diffuse cutaneous infection
:* Diffuse cutaneous infection
:::* Preferred regimen: As for localized infection
::* Preferred regimen: As for localized infection
:::: Note: Assess for endocarditis
::: Note: Assess for endocarditis


::* Bacteremia or endocarditis
:* Bacteremia or endocarditis
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Penicillin G benzathine]] 2-4 MU IV q4h for 4-6 weeks
::* Preferred regimen: [[Penicillin G benzathine]] 2-4 MU IV q4h for 4-6 weeks
:::* Alternative regimen (1): [[Ceftriaxone]] 2 g IV q24h for 4-6 weeks
::* Alternative regimen (1): [[Ceftriaxone]] 2 g IV q24h for 4-6 weeks
:::* Alternative regimen (2): [[Imipenem]] 500 mg IV q6h for 4-6 weeks
::* Alternative regimen (2): [[Imipenem]] 500 mg IV q6h for 4-6 weeks
:::* Alternative regimen (3): [[Ciprofloxacin]] 400 mg IV q12h for 4-6 weeks
::* Alternative regimen (3): [[Ciprofloxacin]] 400 mg IV q12h for 4-6 weeks
:::* Alternative regimen (4): [[Daptomycin]] 6 mg/kg IV q24h for 4-6 weeks
::* Alternative regimen (4): [[Daptomycin]] 6 mg/kg IV q24h for 4-6 weeks
:::: Note: Recommended duration of therapy for endocarditis is 4 to 6 weeks, although shorter courses consisting of 2 weeks of intravenous therapy followed by 2 to 4 weeks of oral therapy have been successful.
::: Note: Recommended duration of therapy for endocarditis is 4 to 6 weeks, although shorter courses consisting of 2 weeks of intravenous therapy followed by 2 to 4 weeks of oral therapy have been successful.


::* [[Listeria monocytogenes]]
* [[Listeria monocytogenes]]
::* [[Lactobacillus]]
* [[Lactobacillus]]
::* [[Leuconostoc]]
* [[Leuconostoc]]
::* [[Nocardia]]
* [[Nocardia]]
::* [[Propionibacterium acnes]]
* [[Propionibacterium acnes]]
::* [[Rhodococcus equi]]
* [[Rhodococcus equi]]
::* [[Rickettsia]]
* [[Rickettsia]]


====Bacteria – Gram-Negative Cocci and Coccobacilli====   
====Bacteria – Gram-Negative Cocci and Coccobacilli====   

Revision as of 18:27, 24 June 2015

Pathogens of Clinical Relevance

Bacteria – Gram-Positive Cocci

Bacteria – Gram-Positive Bacilli

  • Erysipeloid of Rosenbach (localized cutaneous infection)[1]
  • Diffuse cutaneous infection
  • Preferred regimen: As for localized infection
Note: Assess for endocarditis
  • Bacteremia or endocarditis
  • Preferred regimen: Penicillin G benzathine 2-4 MU IV q4h for 4-6 weeks
  • Alternative regimen (1): Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q24h for 4-6 weeks
  • Alternative regimen (2): Imipenem 500 mg IV q6h for 4-6 weeks
  • Alternative regimen (3): Ciprofloxacin 400 mg IV q12h for 4-6 weeks
  • Alternative regimen (4): Daptomycin 6 mg/kg IV q24h for 4-6 weeks
Note: Recommended duration of therapy for endocarditis is 4 to 6 weeks, although shorter courses consisting of 2 weeks of intravenous therapy followed by 2 to 4 weeks of oral therapy have been successful.

Bacteria – Gram-Negative Cocci and Coccobacilli

Bacteria – Spirochetes

Bacteria – Gram-Negative Bacilli

  • Enteric flora
  • Non-fermenters

Bacteria – Atypical Organisms

  • Adult
  • Preferred regimen (1): Doxycycline 100 mg PO bid for 14-21 days
  • Preferred regimen (2): Tetracycline 250 mg PO qid for 14-21 days
  • Preferred regimen (3): Azithromycin 500 mg PO for once a day followed by 250 mg/day for 4 days
  • Preferred regimen (4): Clarithromycin 500 mg PO bid for 10 days
  • Preferred regimen (5): Levofloxacin 500 mg IV or PO qd for 7 to 14 days
  • Preferred regimen (6): Moxifloxacin 400 mg PO qd for 10 days.
  • Pediatric
  • Preferred regimen (1):Erythromycin suspension,PO 50 mg/kg per day for 10 to 14 days
  • Preferred regimen (2):Clarithromycin suspension, 15 mg/kg per day for10 days
  • Preferred regimen (3): Azithromycin suspension, PO 10 mg/kg once on the first day, followed by 5 mg/kg qd daily for 4 days
  • Upper respiratory tract infection[3]
  • Bronchitis
  • Antibiotic therapy for C. pneumoniae is not required.
  • Pharyngitis
  • Antibiotic therapy for C. pneumoniae is not required.
  • Sinusitis
  • Antibiotic therapy is advisable if symptoms remain beyond 7-10 days.




Bacteria – Miscellaneous

Bacteria – Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli

Fungi

  • Preferred regimen(1): Griseofulvin 10-20 mg/kg/day for minimum 6 weeks
  • Preferred regimen(2): Itraconazole 4-6 mg/kg pulsed dose weekly
  • Preferred regimen(3): Terbinafine if <20 kg: 62.5 mg/day, if 20-40 kg: 125 mg/day, if >40 kg: 250 mg/day
  • Small, well-defined lesions
  • Larger lesionss
  • Athlete's foot
  • Interdigital
  • “Dry type”
  • Preferred regimen: Terbinafine 250 mg/day PO for 2-4 weeks OR Itraconazole 400 mg/day PO for 1 week per month (repeated if necessary) OR Fluconazole 200 mg PO weekly for 4-8 weeks

Mycobacteria

Parasites – Intestinal Protozoa

Parasites – Extraintestinal Protozoa

Parasites – Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)

Parasites – Extraintestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)

Parasites – Trematodes (Flukes)

Parasites – Cestodes (Tapeworms)

Parasites – Ectoparasites

Viruses

References

  1. ↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.
  2. ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.
  3. ↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.
  4. ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.
  5. ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.
  6. ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.
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