Sandbox ID2: Difference between revisions

0–4 weeks of age and 1200 g - 50 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 12 h.
Postnatal age < 7 days and 1200–2000 g- 50–100 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 12 h.
Postnatal age < 7 days and >2000 g, 75–150 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 8 h.
Postnatal age >=7 days and 1200–2000 g- 75–150 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 8 h.
Postnatal age >=7 days and >2000 g, 100–200 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 6 h.

Infants and children Nafcillin 100–200 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 4–6 h.

Cefazolin

Neonates

Postnatal age <=7 days: 40 mg/kg/day divided every 12 h.
Postnatal age >7 days and 2000 g: 40 mg/kg/day divided every 12 h.
Postnatal age >7 days and 12000 g: 60 mg/kg/day divided every 8 h.

Infants and children: 50 mg/kg/day divided every 8 h.

Vancomycin

Neonates

Postnatal age <=7 days and <1200 g, 15 mg/kg/day given every 24 h.
Postnatal age <=7 days and 1200–2000 g, 10–15 mg/kg given every 12–18 h.
Postnatal age <=7 days and >2000 g, 10–15 mg/kg given every 8–12 h.
Postnatal age >7 days and <1200 g, 15 mg/kg/day given every 24 h.
Postnatal age >7 days and 1200–2000 g, 10–15 mg/kg given every 8–12 h.
Postnatal age >7 days and >2000 g, 15–20 mg/kg given every 8 h.

Infants and children: 40 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 6–8 h.

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Preferred regimen: Vancomycin, 15 mg/kg IV q12h OR Daptomycin, 6–8 mg/kg per day IV, or Linezolid 10 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or PO ; OR Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q12h AND (Rifampicin IV or Gentamycin IV); or Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole 6–12 mg TMP/kg/day in divided doses every 12 h alone (if susceptible).
Pediatric dose

Linezolid 10 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or PO

Neonates

0–4 weeks of age and birthweight <1200 g: 10 mg/kg every 8–12 h (note: use every 12 h in patients <34 weeks gestation and <1 week of age).
<7 days of age and birthweight >1200 g, 10 mg/kg every 8–12 h (note: use every 12 h in patients <34 weeks gestation and <1 week of age).
7 days and birthweight >1200 g, 10 mg/kg every 8 h.

Infants and children <12 years of age: 10 mg/kg every 8 h Children 12 years of age and adolescents: 10 mg/kg every 12 h.

Gentamycin

Neonates

Premature neonates and <1000 g, 3.5 mg/kg every 24 h; 0–4 weeks and <1200 g, 2.5 mg/kg every 18–24 h.
Postnatal age 7 days: 2.5 mg/kg every 12 h.
Postnatal age 17 days and 1200–2000 g, 2.5 mg/kg every 8–12 h.
Postnatal age 17 days and 12000 g, 2.5 mg/kg every 8 h.
Once daily dosing for premature neonates with normal renal function, 3.5–4 mg/kg every 24 h.
Once daily dosing for term neonates with normal renal function, 3.5–5 mg/kg every 24 h.

Infants and children <5 years of age: 2.5 mg/kg every 8 h; once daily dosing in patients with normal renal function, 5–7.5 mg/kg every 24 h.
Children >5 years of age: 2–2.5 mg/kg every 8 h; once daily dosing in patients with normal renal function, 5–7.5 mg/kg every 24 h.

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

Infants 12 months of age and children: mild-to-moderate infections, 6–12 mg TMP/kg/day in divided doses every 12 h; serious infection, 15–20 mg TMP/kg/day in divided doses every 6–8 h.

(3) Purulent cellulitis (defined as cellulitis associated with purulent drainage or exudate in the absence of a drainable abscess)

In adults

Preferred regimen: Clindamycin 300–450 mg PO TID OR Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole 1–2 DS tab PO BID OR Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID OR Minocycline 200 mg 3 1, then 100 mg PO BID OR Linezolid 600 mg PO BID

In childern

Preferred regimen: Clindamycin 10–13 mg/kg/dose PO q6–8 h, not to exceed 40 mg/kg/day OR Trimethoprim 4–6 mg/kg/dose, Sulfamethoxazole 20–30 mg/kg/dose PO q12h OR Doxycycline <45kg: 2 mg/kg/dose PO every 12 h .45kg: adult dose OR Minocycline 4 mg/kg PO 3 1, then 2 mg/kg/dose PO every 12 h OR Linezolid 10 mg/kg/dose PO every 8 h, not to exceed 600 mg/dose

Nonpurulent cellulitis (defined as cellulitis with no purulent drainage or exudate and no associated abscess)

In adults

Preferred regimen: Beta-lactam (eg, Cephalexin and Dicloxacillin) 500 mg PO QID OR Clindamycin 300–450 mg PO TID OR Amoxicillin 500 PO mg TID OR Linezolid 600 mg PO BID

Note: Empirical therapy for b-hemolytic streptococci is recommended. Empirical coverage for CA-MRSA is recommended in patients who do not respond to b-lactam therapy and may be considered in those with systemic toxicity.

Note: Provide coverage for both b-hemolytic streptococci and CA-MRSA b-lactam (eg, amoxicillin) and/or TMP-SMX or a tetracycline

In childern

Preferred regimen: Clindamycin 10–13 mg/kg/dose PO every 6–8 h, not to exceed 40 mg/kg/day OR Trimethoprim 4–6 mg/kg/dose, Sulfamethoxazole 20–30 mg/kg/dose PO q12h OR Linezolid 10 mg/kg/dose PO every 8 h, not to exceed 600 mg/dose

Note (1): Clindamycin causes Clostridium difficile–associated disease may occur more frequently, compared with other oral agents.

Note (2): Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole not recommended for women in the third trimester of pregnancy and for children ,2 months of age.

Note (3): Tetracyclines are not recommended for children under 8 years of age and are pregnancy category D.

(4) Brain abscess^[2]^[3]^[4]

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

In adults

Preferred regimen: Vancomycin 30–45 mg/kg/day IV q8–12h for 4–6 weeks
Alternative regimen: Linezolid 600 mg PO/IV q12h for 4–6 weeks OR Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole 5 mg/kg/dose PO/IV q8–12h for 4–6 weeks

In childern

Preferred regimen: Vancomycin15 mg/kg/dose IV q6h OR Linezolid 10 mg/kg/dose PO/IV q8h

Note: Consider the addition of Rifampin 600 mg qd OR 300–450 mg bid to Vancomycin.

Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)

Preferred regimen: Nafcillin 2 g IV q4h OR Oxacillin 2 g IV q4h
Alternative regimen: Vancomycin 30–45 mg/kg/day IV q8–12h

(5) Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection ^[5]^[6]

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Preferred regimen: Vancomycin 30–45 mg/kg/day IV q8–12h AND/OR Rifampin 600 mg IV/PO q24h

Note: Shunt removal is recommended, and it should not be replaced until cerebrospinal fluid cultures are repeatedly negative.

Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)

Preferred regimen: (Nafcillin 2 g IV q4h OR Oxacillin 2 g IV q4h) AND/OR Rifampin 600 mg IV/PO q24h

(6) Spinal epidural abscess ^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

Penicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus

Preferred regimen: Penicillin G 4 MU IV q4h for 2–4 weeks, then PO to complete 6–8 weeks

Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus

Preferred regimen: Cefazolin 2 g IV q8h for 2–4 weeks, then PO to complete 6–8 weeks OR Nafcillin 2 g IV q4h for 2–4 weeks, then PO to complete 6–8 weeks OR Oxacillin 2 g IV q4h for 2–4 weeks, then PO to complete 6–8 weeks
Alternative regimen: Clindamycin 600 mg IV q6h for 2–4 weeks, then PO to complete 6–8 weeks

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Preferred regimen: Vancomycin loading dose 25–30 mg/kg IV followed by 15–20 mg/kg IV q8–12h for 2–4 weeks, then PO to complete 6–8 weeks
Alternative regimen: Linezolid 600 mg PO/IV q12h for 4–6 weeks OR TMP-SMX 5 mg/kg/dose PO/IV q8–12h for 4–6 weeks
Pediatric dose: Vancomycin 15 mg/kg/dose IV q6h OR Linezolid 10 mg/kg/dose PO/IV q8h

Note: Consider the addition of Rifampin 600 mg qd or 300–450 mg bid to Vancomycin in adult patients.

(7) Bacterial meningitis

Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)

Preferred regimen: Nafcillin 9–12 g/day IV q4h OR Oxacillin 9–12 g/day IV q4h
Alternative regimen: Vancomycin 30–45 mg/kg/day IV q8–12h OR Meropenem 6 g/day IV q8h

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Preferred regimen: Vancomycin 30–45 mg/kg/day IV q8–12h
Alternative regimen: Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole 10–20 mg/kg/day q6–12h OR Linezolid 600 mg IV q12h

Note: Consider the addition of Rifampin 600 mg qd or 300–450 mg bid to Vancomycin in adult patients.

(8) Septic thrombosis of cavernous or dural venous sinus^[11]

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Preferred regimen: Vancomycin 15–20 mg/kg/dose IV q8–12h for 4–6 weeks
Alternative regimen: Linezolid 600 mg PO/IV q12h for 4–6 weeks OR TMP-SMX 5 mg/kg/dose PO/IV q8–12h for 4–6 weeks
Pediatric dose: Vancomycin 15 mg/kg/dose IV q6h OR Linezolid 10 mg/kg/dose PO/IV q8h

Note (1): Surgical evaluation for incision and drainage of contiguous sites of infection or abscess is recommended whenever possible.

Note (2): Consider the addition of Rifampin 600 mg qd or 300–450 mg bid to vancomycin.

(9) Subdural empyema

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)^[12]

In adults

Preferred regimen: Vancomycin 30–45 mg/kg/day IV q8–12h for 4–6 weeks
Alternative regimen: Linezolid 600 mg PO/IV q12h for 4–6 weeks OR TMP-SMX 5 mg/kg/dose PO/IV q8–12h for 4–6 weeks

In childern

Preferred regimen: Vancomycin 15 mg/kg/dose IV q6h OR Linezolid 10 mg/kg/dose PO/IV q8h

Note: Consider the addition of Rifampin 600 mg qd or 300–450 mg bid to vancomycin.

(10) Acute conjunctivitis ^[13]

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Preferred regimen: Vancomycin ointment 1% qid

(11) Appendicitis

Health Care–Associated Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection ^[14]

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA):

Preferred regimen: Vancomycin 15–20 mg/kg every 8–12 h

(12) Diverticulitis

Health Care–Associated Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection ^[14]

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Preferred regimen: Vancomycin 15–20 mg/kg every 8–12 h

(13) Peritonitis secondary to bowel perforation, peritonitis secondary to ruptured appendix, peritonitis secondary to ruptured appendix, typhlitis

Health Care–Associated Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection ^[14]

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Preferred regimen: Vancomycin 15–20 mg/kg every 8–12 h

(14) Cystic fibrosis ^[15]

Preferred Regimen (Adult)

If methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus: Nafcillin 2 gm IV q4hs OR Oxacillin 2 gm IV q4hs
If methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus: Vancomycin 15-20 mg/kg IV q8-12h OR Linezolid 600 mg po/IV q12h

Preferred regimen (Pediatric)

If methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus: Nafcillin 5 mg/kg q6h (Age >28 days) OR Oxacillin 75 mg/kg q6h (Age >28 days)]]
If methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus: Vancomycin 40 mg/kg divided q6-8h (Age >28 days) OR Linezolid 10 mg/kg po/IV q8h (up to age 12)

(15) Bronchiectasis ^[16]

(a) Preferred Regimen in adults

Recommended first-line treatment and length of treatment

Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA): Flucloxacillin 500 mg oral qds for 14 days

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Patient's body weight is <50 kg: Rifampicin 450 mg oral od AND Trimethoprim 200 mg oral bd for 14 days ; Patient's body weight is >50 kg: Rifampicin 600 mg oral od AND Trimethoprim 200 mg oral bd for 14 days

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Vancomycin 1 g IV bd (monitor serum levels and adjust dose accordingly) OR Teicoplanin 400 mg od for 14 days

Recommended second-line treatment and length of treatment

Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA): Clarithromycin 500 mg oral bd 14 days

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Patient's body weight is <50 kg: Rifampicin 450 mg oral od AND Doxycycline 200 mg oral od 14 days, Patient's body weight is >50 kg: Rifampicin 600 mg oral AND Doxycycline 200 mg oral od 14 days. Third-line: Linezolid 600 mg bd 14 days

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Linezolid 600 mg IV bd 14 days

(b) Preferred Regimen in children

Recommended first-line treatment and length of treatment

Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA): Flucloxacillin

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Children (< 12 yr): Trimethoprim 4-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO Children (> 12 yr) : Trimethoprim 100-200 mg q 12 hr PO. Rifampicin 450 mg oral od : Rifampicin 600 mg oral od AND

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Vancomycin 45-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV OR Teicoplanin

Recommended second-line treatment and length of treatment

Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA): Clarithromycin 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Rifampicin AND Doxycycline 2-5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV (max dose: 200 mg/24 hr) ; Rifampicin AND Doxycycline 2-5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV (max dose: 200 mg/24 hr) . Third-line: Linezolid 10 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or PO

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Linezolid 10 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or PO

(B)Long-term oral antibiotic treatment

(a) Preferred Regimen in adults

Recommended first-line treatment and length of treatment

Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA): Flucloxacillin 500 mg oral bd

Recommended second-line treatment and length of treatment

Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA): Clarithromycin 250 mg oral bd

(16) Empyema

Preferred regimen: Nafcillin 2 gm IV q4h OR oxacillin 2 gm IV q4h if MSSA
Alternate regimen: Vancomycin 1 gm IV q12h OR Linezolid 600 mg po bid if MRSA

(17) Community-acquired pneumonia

Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)

Preferred Regimen : Nafcillin 1000-2000 mg q4h OR Oxacillin 2 g IV q4h OR Flucloxacillin 250 mg IM/IV q6h
Alternative Regimen : Cefazolin 500 mg IV q12h OR Clindamycin 150-450 mg PO q6-8h

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Preferred Regimen : Vancomycin 45-60 mg/kg/day divided q8-12h (max: 2000 mg/dose) for 7-21 days OR Linezolid 600 mg PO/IV q12h for 10-14 days
Alternative Regimen: Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole 1-2 double-strength tablets (800/160 mg) q12-24h

(18) Olecranon bursitis or prepatellar bursitis

Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)

Preferred regimen: Nafcillin 2 g IV q4h OR Oxacillin 2 g IV q4h OR Dicloxacillin 500 mg PO qid

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Preferred regimen: Vancomycin 1 g IV q12h OR Linezolid 600 mg PO qd

Note: Initially aspirate q24h and treat for a minimum of 2–3 weeks.

(19) Septic arthritis

In adults

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Preferred regime: Vancomycin 15–20 mg/kg IV q8–12h
Alternative regimen (1): Daptomycin 6 mg/kg IV q24h in adults
Alternative regimen (2): Linezolid 600 mg PO/IV q12h
Alternative regimen (3): Clindamycin 600 mg PO/IV q8h
Alternative regimen (4): TMP-SMX 3.5–4.0 mg/kg PO/IV q8–12h

In childern

Preferred regimen: Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q6h OR Daptomycin 6–10 mg/kg IV q24h OR Linezolid 10 mg/kg PO/IV q8h OR Clindamycin 10–13 mg/kg/dose PO/IV q6–8h

Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)

Preferred regime: Nafcillin 2 g IV q6h OR Clindamycin 900 mg IV q8h
Alternative regime: Cefazolin 0.25–1 g IV/IM q6–8h OR Vancomycin 500 mg IV q6h or 1 g IV q12h

(20) Septic arthritis, prosthetic joint infection (device-related osteoarticular infections)

Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)

Preferred regimen: Nafcillin 2 g IV q4–6h OR Oxacillin 2 g IV q4–6h
Alternative regimen: Cefazolin 1–2 g IV q8h OR Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q24h
Alternative regimen (if allergic to penicillins): Clindamycin 900 mg IV q8h OR Vancomycin 15–20 mg/kg IV q8–12 hours, not to exceed 2 g per dose

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Early-onset (< 2 months after surgery) or acute hematogenous prosthetic joint infections involving a stable implant with short duration (< 3 weeks) of symptoms and debridement (but device retention)

Preferred regimen: Vancomycin AND Rifampin 600 mg PO qd or 300–450 mg PO bid for 2 weeks
Alternative regimen: (Daptomycin 6 mg/kg IV q24h OR Linezolid 600 IV q8h) AND Rifampin 600 mg PO qd or 300–450 mg PO bid for 2 weeks

Note: The above regimen should be followed by Rifampin plus a fluoroquinolone, TMP/SMX, a tetracycline or Clindamycin for 3 or 6 months for hips and knees, respectively.

(21) Hematogenous osteomyelitis

Adult (>21 yrs)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) possible

Preferred regimen: Vancomycin 1 gm IV q12h (if over 100 kg, 1.5 gm IV q12h)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) unlikely

Preferred regimen: Nafcillin OR Oxacillin 2 gm IV q4h

Children (>4 mos.)-Adult

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) possible

Preferred regimen: Vancomycin 40 div q6–8h

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) unlikely

Preferred regimen: Nafcillin OR Oxacillin 37 q6h (to max. 8–12 gm per day)

Note: Add Ceftazidime 50 q8h or Cefepime 150 div q8h if Gm-neg. bacilli on Gram stain

Newborn (<4 mos.)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) possible

Preferred regimen: Vancomycin AND (Ceftazidime 2 gm IV q8h or Cefepime 2 gm IV q12h)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) unlikely

Preferred regimen: (Nafcillin OR Oxacillin) AND (Ceftazidime OR Cefepime)

Specific therapy

Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)

Preferred regimen: Nafcillin OR Oxacillin 2 gm IV q4h OR Cefazolin 2 gm IV q8h
Alternative regimen: Vancomycin 1 gm IV q12h (if over 100 kg, 1.5 gm IV q12h)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Preferred regimen: Vancomycin 1 gm IV q12h
Alternative regimen: Linezolid 600 mg q12h IV/po ± Rifampin 300 mg po/IV bid

(22) Diabetic foot osteomyelitis

High Risk for MRSA

Preferred regimen: Linezolid 600 mg IV/PO q12h OR Daptomycin 4 mg/kg IV q24h OR Vancomycin 15–20 mg/kg IV q8–12h (trough: 10–20 mg/L)

(23) Necrotizing fasciitis^[17]

In adult

Preferred regimen (1): Nafcillin 1–2 g every 4 h IV (Severe Pencillin allergy: Vancomycin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, daptomycin)
Preferred regimen (2): Oxacillin 1–2 g every 4 h IV
Preferred regimen (3): Cefazolin 1 g every 8 h IV
Preferred regimen (4): Vancomycin 30 mg/kg/d in 2 divided doses IV
Preferred regimen (5): Clindamycin 600–900 mg every 8 h IV

In childern

Preferred regimen (1): Nafcillin 50 mg/kg/dose every 6 h IV (Severe Pencillin allergy: Vancomycin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, daptomycin)
Preferred regimen (2): Oxacillin 50 mg/kg/dose every 6 h IV
Preferred regimen (3): Cefazolin 33 mg/kg/dose every 8 h IV
Preferred regimen (4): Vancomycin 15 mg/kg/dose every 6 h IV
Preferred regimen (5): Clindamycin 10–13 mg/kg/dose every 8 h IV (Bacteriostatic; potential cross-resistance and emergence of resistance in erythromycin-resistant strains; inducible resistance in methicillin resistent staphylococcus aureus)

(24) Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome ^[18]

Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus

Preferred regimen: Cloxacillin 250-500 mg q6h PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr) OR Nafcillin 4-12 g/24 hr divided q4-6hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr) OR Cefazolin 0.5-2g q8h IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr), AND Clindamycin 150-600 mg q6-8h IV, IM, or PO (max dose: 5 g/24 hr IV or IM or 2 g/24 hr PO)
Alternative regimen (1):Clarithromycin 250-500 mg q12h PO (max dose: 1 g/24 hr) AND Clindamycin 150-600 mg q6-8h IV, IM, or PO (max dose: 5 g/24 hr IV or IM or 2 g/24 hr PO)
Alternative regimen (1):Rifampicin, AND Linezolid 600 mg q 12 hr IV or PO OR Daptomycin OR Tigecycline 100 mg loading dose followed by 50 mg q12h IV

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Preferred regimen: Clindamycin 150-600 mg q6-8h IV, IM, or PO (max dose: 5 g/24 hr IV or IM or 2 g/24 hr PO) OR Linezolid 600 mg q12h IV or PO , AND Vancomycin 15 to 20 mg/kg IV q8-12h, not to exceed 2 g per dose or Teicoplanin
Alternative regimen (1):Rifampicin, AND Linezolid 600 mg q12h IV or PO OR Daptomycin OR Tigecycline 100 mg loading dose followed by 50 mg q12h IV

Glycopeptide resistant or intermediate Staphylococcus aureus

Preferred regimen: Linezolid 600 mg q12h IV or PO AND Clindamycin 150-600 mg q6-8h IV, IM, or PO (max dose: 5 g/24 hr IV or IM or 2 g/24 hr PO) (if sensitive)
Alternative regimen (1):Daptomycin OR Tigecycline 100 mg loading dose followed by 50 mg q12 IV

Note: Incidence increasing. Geographical patterns highly variable.

Prophylaxis

Antimicrobial Regimen

Staphylococcus aureus

Coronary artery bypass graft-associated acute mediastinitis^[19]

Methicillin susceptible staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)

Preferred regimen: A first- or second-generation Cephalosporin is recommended for prophylaxis in patients without methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization.

Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Preferred regimen: Vancomycin alone or in combination with other antibiotics to achieve broader coverage is recommended for prophylaxis in patients with proven or suspected methicillin-resistant S. aureus colonization

Note (1): Preoperative antibiotics should be administered to all patients to reduce the risk of mediastinitis in cardiac surgery.

Note (2): The use of intranasal Mupirocin is reasonable in nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus.

Streptococci

Bacteria – Gram-Positive Bacilli

Clostridium

Corynebacterium

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Erysipeloid of Rosenbach (localized cutaneous infection)^[20]

Preferred regimen (1): Penicillin G benzathine 1.2 MU IV as a single dose
Preferred regimen (2): Penicillin VK 250 mg PO qid for 5-7 days
Preferred regimen (3): Procaine penicillin 0.6-1.2 MU IM qd for 5-7 days
Alternative regimen (1): Erythromycin 250 mg PO qid for 5-7 days
Alternative regimen (2): Doxycycline 100 mg PO bid for 5-7 days

Diffuse cutaneous infection

Preferred regimen: As for localized infection

Note: Assess for endocarditis

Bacteremia or endocarditis

Preferred regimen: Penicillin G benzathine 2-4 MU IV q4h for 4-6 weeks
Alternative regimen (1): Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q24h for 4-6 weeks
Alternative regimen (2): Imipenem 500 mg IV q6h for 4-6 weeks
Alternative regimen (3): Ciprofloxacin 400 mg IV q12h for 4-6 weeks
Alternative regimen (4): Daptomycin 6 mg/kg IV q24h for 4-6 weeks

Note: Recommended duration of therapy for endocarditis is 4 to 6 weeks, although shorter courses consisting of 2 weeks of intravenous therapy followed by 2 to 4 weeks of oral therapy have been successful.

Propionibacterium acnes

Systemic infection^[21]

Preferred regimen: Penicillin G 2 MU IV q4h for 2-4 weeks
Alternative regimen: Clindamycin 600 mg IV q8h for 2-4 weeks OR Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q12h for 2-4 weeks

Shoulder prosthesis infection

Preferred regimen: Amoxicillin AND Rifampin for 3-6 months

Acne vulgaris

Topical antibiotics: Erythromycin OR Clindamycin
Systemic antibiotics: Minocycline OR Doxycycline OR Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

Rhodococcus equi

Rhodococcus equi ^[22]

Preferred regimen:

First line: vancomycin 1 g IV q12h (15 mg/kg q12 for >70 kg) OR Imipenem 500 mg IV q6h AND Rifampin 600 mg PO once daily OR Ciprofloxacin 750 mg PO twice daily OR Erythromycin 500 mg PO four times a day for at least 4 weeks or until infiltrate disappears (at least 8 weeks in immunocompromised patients)
Oral/maintenance therapy (after infiltrate clears): Ciprofloxacin 750 mg PO twice daily OR Erythromycin 500 mg PO four times a day
Alternative regimen: Azithromycin OR TMP-SMX OR Chloramphenicol OR Clindamycin
NOTE: Avoid Penicillins/Cephalosporins due to development of resistance; Linezolid effective in vitro, but no clinical reports of use

Rickettsia

Bacteria – Gram-Negative Cocci and Coccobacilli

Bacteria – Spirochetes

Bacteria – Gram-Negative Bacilli

Enteric flora

Non-fermenters

Bacteria – Atypical Organisms

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Pneumonia^[23]

Adult

Preferred regimen (1): Doxycycline 100 mg PO bid for 14-21 days
Preferred regimen (2): Tetracycline 250 mg PO qid for 14-21 days
Preferred regimen (3): Azithromycin 500 mg PO for once a day followed by 250 mg/day for 4 days
Preferred regimen (4): Clarithromycin 500 mg PO bid for 10 days
Preferred regimen (5): Levofloxacin 500 mg IV or PO qd for 7 to 14 days
Preferred regimen (6): Moxifloxacin 400 mg PO qd for 10 days.

Pediatric

Preferred regimen (1):Erythromycin suspension,PO 50 mg/kg per day for 10 to 14 days
Preferred regimen (2):Clarithromycin suspension, 15 mg/kg per day for10 days
Preferred regimen (3): Azithromycin suspension, PO 10 mg/kg once on the first day, followed by 5 mg/kg qd daily for 4 days

Upper respiratory tract infection^[24]

Bronchitis

Antibiotic therapy for C. pneumoniae is not required.

Pharyngitis

Antibiotic therapy for C. pneumoniae is not required.

Sinusitis

Antibiotic therapy is advisable if symptoms remain beyond 7-10 days.

Chlamydia trachomatis

Chlamydophila psittaci

Pneumonia^[25]

Adult

Preferred regimen : Doxycycline 100 mg PO bid daily OR Tetracycline 500 mg PO qid for 10-21 days
Alternative regimen :Minocycline

Pediatric

Preferred regimen: Azithromycin
Alternative regimen: fluoroquinolones

Pregnant Patients

Preferred regimen : Azithromycin
Alternative regimen: fluoroquinolones

Endocarditis in valve replacement patients

Preferred regimen : Doxycycline
Alternative regimen : fluoroquinolones.

Bacteria – Miscellaneous

Bacteria – Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli

Fungi

Mild to moderate pulmonary blastomycosis

Preferred regimen: Itraconazole 200 mg PO once or twice per day for 6–12 months
Note: Oral Itraconazole, 200 mg 3 times per day for 3 days and then once or twice per day for 6–12 months, is recommended

Moderately severe to severe pulmonary blastomycosis

Preferred regimen(1): Lipid amphotericin B (Lipid AmB) 3–5 mg/kg per day for 1–2 weeks AND Itraconazole 200 mg PO bid for 6–12 months
Preferred regimen(2): Amphotericin B deoxycholate 0.7–1 mg/kg per day for 1–2 weeks AND Itraconazole 200 mg PO bid for 6–12 months
Note: Oral Itraconazole, 200 mg 3 times per day for 3 days and then 200 mg twice per day, for a total of 6–12 months, is recommended

Mild to moderate disseminated blastomycosis

Preferred regimen: Itraconazole 200 mg PO once or twice per day for 6–12 months
Note(1): Treat osteoarticular disease for 12 months
Note(2): Oral Itraconazole, 200 mg 3 times per day for 3 days and then 200 mg twice per day, for a total of 6–12 months, is recommended

Moderately severe to severe disseminated blastomycosis

Preferred regimen(1): Lipid amphotericin B(Lipid AmB) 3–5 mg/kg per day, for 1–2 weeks AND Itraconazole 200 mg PO bid for 6–12 months
Preferred regimen(2): Amphotericin B deoxycholate 0.7–1 mg/kg per day, for 1–2 weeks AND Itraconazole 200 mg PO bid for 6–12 months
Note: oral Itraconazole, 200 mg 3 times per day for 3 days and then 200 mg twice per day, for a total of 6–12 months, is recommended

CNS disease

Preferred regimen: Lipid amphotericin B (Lipid AmB) 5 mg/kg per day for 4–6 weeks AND an oral azole for at least 1 year
Note(1): Step-down therapy can be with Fluconazole, 800 mg per day OR Itraconazole, 200 mg 2–3 times per day OR voriconazole, 200–400 mg twice per day.
Note(2): Longer treatment may be required for immunosuppressed patients.

Immunosuppressed patients

Preferred regimen(1): Lipid amphotericin B (Lipid AmB), 3–5 mg/kg per day, for 1–2 weeks, AND Itraconazole, 200 mg PO bid for 12 months
Preferred regimen(2): Amphotericin B deoxycholate, 0.7–1 mg/kg per day, for 1–2 weeks, AND Itraconazole, 200 mg PO bid for 12 months
Note(1): Oral Itraconazole, 200 mg 3 times per day for 3 days and then 200 mg twice per day, for a total of 12 months, is recommended
Note(2): Life-long suppressive treatment may be required if immunosuppression cannot be reversed.

Pregnant women

Preferred regimen: Lipid amphotericin B (Lipid AmB) 3–5 mg/kg per day
Note(1): Azoles should be avoided because of possible teratogenicity
Note(2): If the newborn shows evidence of infection, treatment is recommended with Amphotericin B deoxycholate, 1.0 mg/kg per day

Children with mild to moderate disease

Preferred regimen: Itraconazole 10 mg/kg PO per day for 6–12 months
Note: Maximum dose 400 mg per day

Children with moderately severe to severe disease

Preferred regimen(1): Amphotericin B deoxycholate 0.7–1 mg/kg per day for 1–2 weeks AND Itraconazole 10 mg/kg PO per day to a maximum of 400 mg per day for 6–12 months
Preferred regimen(2): Lipid amphotericin B (Lipid AmB) 3–5 mg/kg per day for 1–2 weeks AND Itraconazole 10 mg/kg PO per day to a maximum of 400 mg per day for 6–12 months
Note: Children tolerate Amphotericin B deoxycholate better than adults do.

Tinea capitis^[26]

Preferred regimen(1): Griseofulvin 10-20 mg/kg/day for minimum 6 weeks
Preferred regimen(2): Itraconazole 4-6 mg/kg pulsed dose weekly
Preferred regimen(3): Terbinafine if <20 kg: 62.5 mg/day, if 20-40 kg: 125 mg/day, if >40 kg: 250 mg/day

Tinea corporis^[27]

Small, well-defined lesions

Preferred regimen: Topical cream/ointment Terbinafine OR Miconazole OR Econazole OR Clotrimazole

Larger lesionss

Preferred regimen: Terbinafine 250 mg/day PO for 2 weeks OR Itraconazole 200 mg/day PO for 1 wk OR Fluconazole 250 mg PO weekly for 2-4 weeks

Tinea pedis^[28]

Athlete's foot

Interdigital

Preferred regimen: Topical cream/ointment Terbinafine OR Miconazole OR Econazole OR Clotrimazole

“Dry type”

Preferred regimen: Terbinafine 250 mg/day PO for 2-4 weeks OR Itraconazole 400 mg/day PO for 1 week per month (repeated if necessary) OR Fluconazole 200 mg PO weekly for 4-8 weeks

Mycobacteria

Parasites – Intestinal Protozoa

Parasites – Extraintestinal Protozoa

Parasites – Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)

Parasites – Extraintestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)

Parasites – Trematodes (Flukes)

Parasites – Cestodes (Tapeworms)

Parasites – Ectoparasites

Viruses

References

↑ Mermel LA, Allon M, Bouza E, Craven DE, Flynn P, O'Grady NP; et al. (2009). "Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intravascular catheter-related infection: 2009 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Clin Infect Dis. 49 (1): 1–45. doi:10.1086/599376. PMC 4039170. PMID 19489710.
↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.
↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.
↑ Liu, Catherine; Bayer, Arnold; Cosgrove, Sara E.; Daum, Robert S.; Fridkin, Scott K.; Gorwitz, Rachel J.; Kaplan, Sheldon L.; Karchmer, Adolf W.; Levine, Donald P.; Murray, Barbara E.; J Rybak, Michael; Talan, David A.; Chambers, Henry F.; Infectious Diseases Society of America (2011-02-01). "Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children". Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 52 (3): –18-55. doi:10.1093/cid/ciq146. ISSN 1537-6591. PMID 21208910.
↑ Tunkel, Allan R.; Hartman, Barry J.; Kaplan, Sheldon L.; Kaufman, Bruce A.; Roos, Karen L.; Scheld, W. Michael; Whitley, Richard J. (2004-11-01). "Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis". Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 39 (9): 1267–1284. doi:10.1086/425368. ISSN 1537-6591. PMID 15494903.
↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.
↑ Kasper, Dennis (2015). Harrison's principles of internal medicine. New York: McGraw Hill Education. ISBN 978-0071802154.
↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.
↑ Darouiche, Rabih O. (2006-11-09). "Spinal epidural abscess". The New England Journal of Medicine. 355 (19): 2012–2020. doi:10.1056/NEJMra055111. ISSN 1533-4406. PMID 17093252.
↑ Liu, Catherine; Bayer, Arnold; Cosgrove, Sara E.; Daum, Robert S.; Fridkin, Scott K.; Gorwitz, Rachel J.; Kaplan, Sheldon L.; Karchmer, Adolf W.; Levine, Donald P.; Murray, Barbara E.; J Rybak, Michael; Talan, David A.; Chambers, Henry F.; Infectious Diseases Society of America (2011-02-01). "Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children". Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 52 (3): –18-55. doi:10.1093/cid/ciq146. ISSN 1537-6591. PMID 21208910.
↑ Liu, Catherine; Bayer, Arnold; Cosgrove, Sara E.; Daum, Robert S.; Fridkin, Scott K.; Gorwitz, Rachel J.; Kaplan, Sheldon L.; Karchmer, Adolf W.; Levine, Donald P.; Murray, Barbara E.; J Rybak, Michael; Talan, David A.; Chambers, Henry F.; Infectious Diseases Society of America (2011-02-01). "Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children". Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 52 (3): –18-55. doi:10.1093/cid/ciq146. ISSN 1537-6591. PMID 21208910.
↑ Liu, Catherine; Bayer, Arnold; Cosgrove, Sara E.; Daum, Robert S.; Fridkin, Scott K.; Gorwitz, Rachel J.; Kaplan, Sheldon L.; Karchmer, Adolf W.; Levine, Donald P.; Murray, Barbara E.; J Rybak, Michael; Talan, David A.; Chambers, Henry F.; Infectious Diseases Society of America (2011-02-01). "Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children". Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 52 (3): –18-55. doi:10.1093/cid/ciq146. ISSN 1537-6591. PMID 21208910.
↑ Azari, Amir A.; Barney, Neal P. (2013-10-23). "Conjunctivitis: a systematic review of diagnosis and treatment". JAMA. 310 (16): 1721–1729. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.280318. ISSN 1538-3598. PMC 4049531. PMID 24150468.CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
↑ ^14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 Solomkin JS, Mazuski JE, Bradley JS, Rodvold KA, Goldstein EJ, Baron EJ; et al. (2010). "Diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infection in adults and children: guidelines by the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Clin Infect Dis. 50 (2): 133–64. doi:10.1086/649554. PMID 20034345.
↑ Mogayzel PJ, Naureckas ET, Robinson KA, Mueller G, Hadjiliadis D, Hoag JB; et al. (2013). "Cystic fibrosis pulmonary guidelines. Chronic medications for maintenance of lung health". Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 187 (7): 680–9. PMID 23540878.
↑ Pasteur MC, Bilton D, Hill AT, British Thoracic Society Bronchiectasis non-CF Guideline Group (2010). "British Thoracic Society guideline for non-CF bronchiectasis". Thorax. 65 Suppl 1: i1–58. doi:10.1136/thx.2010.136119. PMID 20627931.
↑ Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, Dellinger EP, Goldstein EJ, Gorbach SL; et al. (2014). "Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the infectious diseases society of America". Clin Infect Dis. 59 (2): 147–59. doi:10.1093/cid/ciu296. PMID 24947530.
↑ Lappin E, Ferguson AJ (2009). "Gram-positive toxic shock syndromes". Lancet Infect Dis. 9 (5): 281–90. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70066-0. PMID 19393958.
↑ Hillis LD, Smith PK, Anderson JL, Bittl JA, Bridges CR, Byrne JG; et al. (2011). "2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Developed in collaboration with the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons". J Am Coll Cardiol. 58 (24): e123–210. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.08.009. PMID 22070836.
↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.
↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.
↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.
↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.
↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.
↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.
↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.
↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.
↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.

[pmid19489710-1] Mermel LA, Allon M, Bouza E, Craven DE, Flynn P, O'Grady NP; et al. (2009). "Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intravascular catheter-related infection: 2009 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Clin Infect Dis. 49 (1): 1–45. doi:10.1086/599376. PMC 4039170. PMID 19489710.

[2] Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.

[3] Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.

[4] Liu, Catherine; Bayer, Arnold; Cosgrove, Sara E.; Daum, Robert S.; Fridkin, Scott K.; Gorwitz, Rachel J.; Kaplan, Sheldon L.; Karchmer, Adolf W.; Levine, Donald P.; Murray, Barbara E.; J Rybak, Michael; Talan, David A.; Chambers, Henry F.; Infectious Diseases Society of America (2011-02-01). "Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children". Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 52 (3): –18-55. doi:10.1093/cid/ciq146. ISSN 1537-6591. PMID 21208910.

[5] Tunkel, Allan R.; Hartman, Barry J.; Kaplan, Sheldon L.; Kaufman, Bruce A.; Roos, Karen L.; Scheld, W. Michael; Whitley, Richard J. (2004-11-01). "Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis". Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 39 (9): 1267–1284. doi:10.1086/425368. ISSN 1537-6591. PMID 15494903.

[6] Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.

[7] Kasper, Dennis (2015). Harrison's principles of internal medicine. New York: McGraw Hill Education. ISBN 978-0071802154.

[8] Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.

[9] Darouiche, Rabih O. (2006-11-09). "Spinal epidural abscess". The New England Journal of Medicine. 355 (19): 2012–2020. doi:10.1056/NEJMra055111. ISSN 1533-4406. PMID 17093252.

[10] Liu, Catherine; Bayer, Arnold; Cosgrove, Sara E.; Daum, Robert S.; Fridkin, Scott K.; Gorwitz, Rachel J.; Kaplan, Sheldon L.; Karchmer, Adolf W.; Levine, Donald P.; Murray, Barbara E.; J Rybak, Michael; Talan, David A.; Chambers, Henry F.; Infectious Diseases Society of America (2011-02-01). "Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children". Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 52 (3): –18-55. doi:10.1093/cid/ciq146. ISSN 1537-6591. PMID 21208910.

[11] Liu, Catherine; Bayer, Arnold; Cosgrove, Sara E.; Daum, Robert S.; Fridkin, Scott K.; Gorwitz, Rachel J.; Kaplan, Sheldon L.; Karchmer, Adolf W.; Levine, Donald P.; Murray, Barbara E.; J Rybak, Michael; Talan, David A.; Chambers, Henry F.; Infectious Diseases Society of America (2011-02-01). "Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children". Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 52 (3): –18-55. doi:10.1093/cid/ciq146. ISSN 1537-6591. PMID 21208910.

[12] Liu, Catherine; Bayer, Arnold; Cosgrove, Sara E.; Daum, Robert S.; Fridkin, Scott K.; Gorwitz, Rachel J.; Kaplan, Sheldon L.; Karchmer, Adolf W.; Levine, Donald P.; Murray, Barbara E.; J Rybak, Michael; Talan, David A.; Chambers, Henry F.; Infectious Diseases Society of America (2011-02-01). "Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children". Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 52 (3): –18-55. doi:10.1093/cid/ciq146. ISSN 1537-6591. PMID 21208910.

[13] Azari, Amir A.; Barney, Neal P. (2013-10-23). "Conjunctivitis: a systematic review of diagnosis and treatment". JAMA. 310 (16): 1721–1729. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.280318. ISSN 1538-3598. PMC 4049531. PMID 24150468.CS1 maint: PMC format (link)

[pmid20034345-14] 14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 Solomkin JS, Mazuski JE, Bradley JS, Rodvold KA, Goldstein EJ, Baron EJ; et al. (2010). "Diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infection in adults and children: guidelines by the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Clin Infect Dis. 50 (2): 133–64. doi:10.1086/649554. PMID 20034345.

[pmid23540878-15] Mogayzel PJ, Naureckas ET, Robinson KA, Mueller G, Hadjiliadis D, Hoag JB; et al. (2013). "Cystic fibrosis pulmonary guidelines. Chronic medications for maintenance of lung health". Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 187 (7): 680–9. PMID 23540878.

[pmid20627931-16] Pasteur MC, Bilton D, Hill AT, British Thoracic Society Bronchiectasis non-CF Guideline Group (2010). "British Thoracic Society guideline for non-CF bronchiectasis". Thorax. 65 Suppl 1: i1–58. doi:10.1136/thx.2010.136119. PMID 20627931.

[pmid24947530-17] Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, Dellinger EP, Goldstein EJ, Gorbach SL; et al. (2014). "Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the infectious diseases society of America". Clin Infect Dis. 59 (2): 147–59. doi:10.1093/cid/ciu296. PMID 24947530.

[pmid19393958-18] Lappin E, Ferguson AJ (2009). "Gram-positive toxic shock syndromes". Lancet Infect Dis. 9 (5): 281–90. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70066-0. PMID 19393958.

[pmid22070836-19] Hillis LD, Smith PK, Anderson JL, Bittl JA, Bridges CR, Byrne JG; et al. (2011). "2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Developed in collaboration with the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons". J Am Coll Cardiol. 58 (24): e123–210. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.08.009. PMID 22070836.

[20] Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.

[21] Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.

[22] Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.

[23] Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.

[24] Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.

[25] Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.

[26] Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.

[27] Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.

[28] Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.

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@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 :* [[Staphylococcus aureus]]
 * '''Staphylococcus aureus'''
-:* (1) '''Intravascular catheter-related infections'''<ref name="pmid19489710">{{cite journal| author=Mermel LA, Allon M, Bouza E, Craven DE, Flynn P, O'Grady NP et al.| title=Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intravascular catheter-related infection: 2009 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2009 | volume= 49 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-45 | pmid=19489710 | doi=10.1086/599376 | pmc=PMC4039170 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19489710  }} </ref>
+:* (1)'''Infectious endocarditis'''
+::* In adults
+:::* Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]], 15-20 mg/kg IV q8-12h {{or}} [[Daptomycin]] 6mg/kg/dose IV qd
+:* (2) '''Intravascular catheter-related infections'''<ref name="pmid19489710">{{cite journal| author=Mermel LA, Allon M, Bouza E, Craven DE, Flynn P, O'Grady NP et al.| title=Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intravascular catheter-related infection: 2009 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2009 | volume= 49 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-45 | pmid=19489710 | doi=10.1086/599376 | pmc=PMC4039170 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19489710  }} </ref>
 ::* '''Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)'''
 :::* Preferred regimen: [[Nafcillin]]  2 g IV q6h {{or}} [[Oxacillin]], 2 g IV q6h.
@@ Line 64: / Line 68: @@
 :::::*  Infants 12 months of age and children: mild-to-moderate infections, 6–12 mg TMP/kg/day in divided doses every 12 h; serious infection, 15–20 mg TMP/kg/day in divided doses every 6–8 h.
-:*(2) '''Purulent cellulitis''' (defined as cellulitis associated with purulent drainage or exudate in the absence of a drainable abscess)
+:*(3) '''Purulent cellulitis''' (defined as cellulitis associated with purulent drainage or exudate in the absence of a drainable abscess)
 ::* In adults
 :::* Preferred regimen: [[Clindamycin]] 300–450 mg PO TID {{or}} [[Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole]] 1–2 DS tab PO BID {{or}} [[Doxycycline]] 100 mg PO BID {{or}} [[Minocycline]] 200 mg 3 1, then 100 mg PO BID {{or}} [[Linezolid]] 600 mg PO BID
@@ Line 81: / Line 85: @@
-:* (2) '''Brain abscess'''<ref>{{cite book | last = Bennett | first = John | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases | publisher = Elsevier/Saunders | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1455748013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Bartlett | first = John | title = Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases | publisher = Jones and Bartlett Learning | location = Burlington, MA | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-1449625580 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1093/cid/ciq146| issn = 1537-6591| volume = 52| issue = 3| pages = –18-55| last1 = Liu| first1 = Catherine| last2 = Bayer| first2 = Arnold| last3 = Cosgrove| first3 = Sara E.| last4 = Daum| first4 = Robert S.| last5 = Fridkin| first5 = Scott K.| last6 = Gorwitz| first6 = Rachel J.| last7 = Kaplan| first7 = Sheldon L.| last8 = Karchmer| first8 = Adolf W.| last9 = Levine| first9 = Donald P.| last10 = Murray| first10 = Barbara E.| last11 = J Rybak| first11 = Michael| last12 = Talan| first12 = David A.| last13 = Chambers| first13 = Henry F.| last14 = Infectious Diseases Society of America| title = Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children| journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America| date = 2011-02-01| pmid = 21208910}}</ref>
+:* (4) '''Brain abscess'''<ref>{{cite book | last = Bennett | first = John | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases | publisher = Elsevier/Saunders | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1455748013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Bartlett | first = John | title = Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases | publisher = Jones and Bartlett Learning | location = Burlington, MA | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-1449625580 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1093/cid/ciq146| issn = 1537-6591| volume = 52| issue = 3| pages = –18-55| last1 = Liu| first1 = Catherine| last2 = Bayer| first2 = Arnold| last3 = Cosgrove| first3 = Sara E.| last4 = Daum| first4 = Robert S.| last5 = Fridkin| first5 = Scott K.| last6 = Gorwitz| first6 = Rachel J.| last7 = Kaplan| first7 = Sheldon L.| last8 = Karchmer| first8 = Adolf W.| last9 = Levine| first9 = Donald P.| last10 = Murray| first10 = Barbara E.| last11 = J Rybak| first11 = Michael| last12 = Talan| first12 = David A.| last13 = Chambers| first13 = Henry F.| last14 = Infectious Diseases Society of America| title = Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children| journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America| date = 2011-02-01| pmid = 21208910}}</ref>
 ::* '''Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)'''
 :::* In adults
@@ Line 93: / Line 97: @@
 :::* Alternative regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 30–45 mg/kg/day IV q8–12h
-:* (3) '''Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection''' <ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1086/425368| issn = 1537-6591| volume = 39| issue = 9| pages = 1267–1284| last1 = Tunkel| first1 = Allan R.| last2 = Hartman| first2 = Barry J.| last3 = Kaplan| first3 = Sheldon L.| last4 = Kaufman| first4 = Bruce A.| last5 = Roos| first5 = Karen L.| last6 = Scheld| first6 = W. Michael| last7 = Whitley| first7 = Richard J.| title = Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis| journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America| date = 2004-11-01| pmid = 15494903}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Bartlett | first = John | title = Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases | publisher = Jones and Bartlett Learning | location = Burlington, MA | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-1449625580 }}</ref>
+:* (5) '''Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection''' <ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1086/425368| issn = 1537-6591| volume = 39| issue = 9| pages = 1267–1284| last1 = Tunkel| first1 = Allan R.| last2 = Hartman| first2 = Barry J.| last3 = Kaplan| first3 = Sheldon L.| last4 = Kaufman| first4 = Bruce A.| last5 = Roos| first5 = Karen L.| last6 = Scheld| first6 = W. Michael| last7 = Whitley| first7 = Richard J.| title = Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis| journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America| date = 2004-11-01| pmid = 15494903}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Bartlett | first = John | title = Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases | publisher = Jones and Bartlett Learning | location = Burlington, MA | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-1449625580 }}</ref>
 ::* '''Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)'''
 :::* Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 30–45 mg/kg/day IV q8–12h {{and}}/{{or}} [[Rifampin]] 600 mg IV/PO q24h
@@ Line 100: / Line 104: @@
 :::* Preferred regimen: ([[Nafcillin]] 2 g IV q4h {{or}} [[Oxacillin]] 2 g IV q4h) {{and}}/{{or}} [[Rifampin]] 600 mg IV/PO q24h
-:* (4) '''Spinal epidural abscess''' <ref>{{cite book | last = Kasper | first = Dennis | title = Harrison's principles of internal medicine | publisher = McGraw Hill Education | location = New York | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-0071802154 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Bartlett | first = John | title = Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases | publisher = Jones and Bartlett Learning | location = Burlington, MA | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-1449625580 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1056/NEJMra055111| issn = 1533-4406| volume = 355| issue = 19| pages = 2012–2020| last = Darouiche| first = Rabih O.| title = Spinal epidural abscess| journal = The New England Journal of Medicine| date = 2006-11-09| pmid = 17093252}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1093/cid/ciq146| issn = 1537-6591| volume = 52| issue = 3| pages = –18-55| last1 = Liu| first1 = Catherine| last2 = Bayer| first2 = Arnold| last3 = Cosgrove| first3 = Sara E.| last4 = Daum| first4 = Robert S.| last5 = Fridkin| first5 = Scott K.| last6 = Gorwitz| first6 = Rachel J.| last7 = Kaplan| first7 = Sheldon L.| last8 = Karchmer| first8 = Adolf W.| last9 = Levine| first9 = Donald P.| last10 = Murray| first10 = Barbara E.| last11 = J Rybak| first11 = Michael| last12 = Talan| first12 = David A.| last13 = Chambers| first13 = Henry F.| last14 = Infectious Diseases Society of America| title = Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children| journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America| date = 2011-02-01| pmid = 21208910}}</ref>
+:* (6) '''Spinal epidural abscess''' <ref>{{cite book | last = Kasper | first = Dennis | title = Harrison's principles of internal medicine | publisher = McGraw Hill Education | location = New York | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-0071802154 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Bartlett | first = John | title = Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases | publisher = Jones and Bartlett Learning | location = Burlington, MA | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-1449625580 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1056/NEJMra055111| issn = 1533-4406| volume = 355| issue = 19| pages = 2012–2020| last = Darouiche| first = Rabih O.| title = Spinal epidural abscess| journal = The New England Journal of Medicine| date = 2006-11-09| pmid = 17093252}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1093/cid/ciq146| issn = 1537-6591| volume = 52| issue = 3| pages = –18-55| last1 = Liu| first1 = Catherine| last2 = Bayer| first2 = Arnold| last3 = Cosgrove| first3 = Sara E.| last4 = Daum| first4 = Robert S.| last5 = Fridkin| first5 = Scott K.| last6 = Gorwitz| first6 = Rachel J.| last7 = Kaplan| first7 = Sheldon L.| last8 = Karchmer| first8 = Adolf W.| last9 = Levine| first9 = Donald P.| last10 = Murray| first10 = Barbara E.| last11 = J Rybak| first11 = Michael| last12 = Talan| first12 = David A.| last13 = Chambers| first13 = Henry F.| last14 = Infectious Diseases Society of America| title = Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children| journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America| date = 2011-02-01| pmid = 21208910}}</ref>
 ::* '''Penicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus'''
 :::* Preferred regimen: [[Penicillin G]] 4 MU IV q4h for 2–4 weeks, then PO to complete 6–8 weeks
@@ Line 112: / Line 116: @@
 :::: Note: Consider the addition of [[Rifampin]] 600 mg qd or 300–450 mg bid to [[Vancomycin]] in adult patients.
-:* (5)''' Bacterial meningitis'''
+:* (7)''' Bacterial meningitis'''
 ::* Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)
 :::* Preferred regimen: [[Nafcillin]] 9–12 g/day IV q4h {{or}} [[Oxacillin]] 9–12 g/day IV q4h
@@ Line 121: / Line 125: @@
 :::: Note: Consider the addition of [[Rifampin]] 600 mg qd or 300–450 mg bid to [[Vancomycin]] in adult patients.
-:* (6) '''Septic thrombosis of cavernous or dural venous sinus'''<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1093/cid/ciq146| issn = 1537-6591| volume = 52| issue = 3| pages = –18-55| last1 = Liu| first1 = Catherine| last2 = Bayer| first2 = Arnold| last3 = Cosgrove| first3 = Sara E.| last4 = Daum| first4 = Robert S.| last5 = Fridkin| first5 = Scott K.| last6 = Gorwitz| first6 = Rachel J.| last7 = Kaplan| first7 = Sheldon L.| last8 = Karchmer| first8 = Adolf W.| last9 = Levine| first9 = Donald P.| last10 = Murray| first10 = Barbara E.| last11 = J Rybak| first11 = Michael| last12 = Talan| first12 = David A.| last13 = Chambers| first13 = Henry F.| last14 = Infectious Diseases Society of America| title = Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children| journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America| date = 2011-02-01| pmid = 21208910}}</ref>
+:* (8) '''Septic thrombosis of cavernous or dural venous sinus'''<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1093/cid/ciq146| issn = 1537-6591| volume = 52| issue = 3| pages = –18-55| last1 = Liu| first1 = Catherine| last2 = Bayer| first2 = Arnold| last3 = Cosgrove| first3 = Sara E.| last4 = Daum| first4 = Robert S.| last5 = Fridkin| first5 = Scott K.| last6 = Gorwitz| first6 = Rachel J.| last7 = Kaplan| first7 = Sheldon L.| last8 = Karchmer| first8 = Adolf W.| last9 = Levine| first9 = Donald P.| last10 = Murray| first10 = Barbara E.| last11 = J Rybak| first11 = Michael| last12 = Talan| first12 = David A.| last13 = Chambers| first13 = Henry F.| last14 = Infectious Diseases Society of America| title = Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children| journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America| date = 2011-02-01| pmid = 21208910}}</ref>
 ::* '''Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)'''
 :::* Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 15–20 mg/kg/dose IV q8–12h for 4–6 weeks
@@ Line 129: / Line 133: @@
 :::: Note (2): Consider the addition of [[Rifampin]] 600 mg qd or 300–450 mg bid to vancomycin.
-:* (7) '''Subdural empyema'''
+:* (9) '''Subdural empyema'''
 ::* '''Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)'''<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1093/cid/ciq146| issn = 1537-6591| volume = 52| issue = 3| pages = –18-55| last1 = Liu| first1 = Catherine| last2 = Bayer| first2 = Arnold| last3 = Cosgrove| first3 = Sara E.| last4 = Daum| first4 = Robert S.| last5 = Fridkin| first5 = Scott K.| last6 = Gorwitz| first6 = Rachel J.| last7 = Kaplan| first7 = Sheldon L.| last8 = Karchmer| first8 = Adolf W.| last9 = Levine| first9 = Donald P.| last10 = Murray| first10 = Barbara E.| last11 = J Rybak| first11 = Michael| last12 = Talan| first12 = David A.| last13 = Chambers| first13 = Henry F.| last14 = Infectious Diseases Society of America| title = Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children| journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America| date = 2011-02-01| pmid = 21208910}}</ref>
 :::* In adults
@@ Line 138: / Line 142: @@
 ::::: Note: Consider the addition of [[Rifampin]] 600 mg qd or 300–450 mg bid to vancomycin.
-:* (8)''' Acute conjunctivitis''' <ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1001/jama.2013.280318| issn = 1538-3598| volume = 310| issue = 16| pages = 1721–1729| last1 = Azari| first1 = Amir A.| last2 = Barney| first2 = Neal P.| title = Conjunctivitis: a systematic review of diagnosis and treatment| journal = JAMA| date = 2013-10-23| pmid = 24150468| pmc = PMC4049531}}</ref>
+:* (10)''' Acute conjunctivitis''' <ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1001/jama.2013.280318| issn = 1538-3598| volume = 310| issue = 16| pages = 1721–1729| last1 = Azari| first1 = Amir A.| last2 = Barney| first2 = Neal P.| title = Conjunctivitis: a systematic review of diagnosis and treatment| journal = JAMA| date = 2013-10-23| pmid = 24150468| pmc = PMC4049531}}</ref>
 ::* '''Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)'''
 :::* Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] ointment 1% qid
-:* (9) '''Appendicitis'''
+:* (11) '''Appendicitis'''
 ::'''Health Care–Associated Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection''' <ref name="pmid20034345">{{cite journal| author=Solomkin JS, Mazuski JE, Bradley JS, Rodvold KA, Goldstein EJ, Baron EJ et al.| title=Diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infection in adults and children: guidelines by the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2010 | volume= 50 | issue= 2 | pages= 133-64 | pmid=20034345 | doi=10.1086/649554 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20034345  }} </ref>
 ::: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA):
 :::: Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 15–20 mg/kg every 8–12 h
-:* (10) '''Diverticulitis'''
+:* (12) '''Diverticulitis'''
 :: '''Health Care–Associated Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection''' <ref name="pmid20034345">{{cite journal| author=Solomkin JS, Mazuski JE, Bradley JS, Rodvold KA, Goldstein EJ, Baron EJ et al.| title=Diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infection in adults and children: guidelines by the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2010 | volume= 50 | issue= 2 | pages= 133-64 | pmid=20034345 | doi=10.1086/649554 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20034345  }} </ref>
 ::: '''Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)'''
 ::::* Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 15–20 mg/kg every 8–12 h
-:* (11) '''Peritonitis secondary to bowel  perforation, peritonitis secondary to ruptured  appendix, peritonitis secondary to ruptured  appendix, typhlitis'''
+:* (13) '''Peritonitis secondary to bowel  perforation, peritonitis secondary to ruptured  appendix, peritonitis secondary to ruptured  appendix, typhlitis'''
 :: '''Health Care–Associated Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection''' <ref name="pmid20034345">{{cite journal| author=Solomkin JS, Mazuski JE, Bradley JS, Rodvold KA, Goldstein EJ, Baron EJ et al.| title=Diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infection in adults and children: guidelines by the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2010 | volume= 50 | issue= 2 | pages= 133-64 | pmid=20034345 | doi=10.1086/649554 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20034345  }} </ref>
 :::* Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
 ::::* Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 15–20 mg/kg every 8–12 h
-:* (12) '''Cystic fibrosis''' <ref name="pmid23540878">{{cite journal| author=Mogayzel PJ, Naureckas ET, Robinson KA, Mueller G, Hadjiliadis D, Hoag JB et al.| title=Cystic fibrosis pulmonary guidelines. Chronic medications for maintenance of lung health. | journal=Am J Respir Crit Care Med | year= 2013 | volume= 187 | issue= 7 | pages= 680-9 | pmid=23540878 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23540878  }} </ref>
+:* (14) '''Cystic fibrosis''' <ref name="pmid23540878">{{cite journal| author=Mogayzel PJ, Naureckas ET, Robinson KA, Mueller G, Hadjiliadis D, Hoag JB et al.| title=Cystic fibrosis pulmonary guidelines. Chronic medications for maintenance of lung health. | journal=Am J Respir Crit Care Med | year= 2013 | volume= 187 | issue= 7 | pages= 680-9 | pmid=23540878 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23540878  }} </ref>
 ::* Preferred Regimen (Adult)
 :::* If methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus: [[Nafcillin]] 2 gm IV q4hs {{or}} [[Oxacillin]] 2 gm IV q4hs
@@ Line 165: / Line 169: @@
 :::* If methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus: [[Vancomycin]] 40 mg/kg divided q6-8h (Age >28 days) {{or}} [[Linezolid]] 10 mg/kg po/IV q8h (up to age 12)
-:* (13) '''Bronchiectasis''' <ref name="pmid20627931">{{cite journal| author=Pasteur MC, Bilton D, Hill AT, British Thoracic Society Bronchiectasis non-CF Guideline Group| title=British Thoracic Society guideline for non-CF bronchiectasis. | journal=Thorax | year= 2010 | volume= 65 Suppl 1 | issue=  | pages= i1-58 | pmid=20627931 | doi=10.1136/thx.2010.136119 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20627931  }} </ref>
+:* (15) '''Bronchiectasis''' <ref name="pmid20627931">{{cite journal| author=Pasteur MC, Bilton D, Hill AT, British Thoracic Society Bronchiectasis non-CF Guideline Group| title=British Thoracic Society guideline for non-CF bronchiectasis. | journal=Thorax | year= 2010 | volume= 65 Suppl 1 | issue=  | pages= i1-58 | pmid=20627931 | doi=10.1136/thx.2010.136119 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20627931  }} </ref>
 :::*(a) Preferred Regimen in adults
 ::::* Recommended first-line treatment and length of treatment
@@ Line 191: / Line 195: @@
 :::::'''Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)''': [[Clarithromycin]] 250 mg oral bd
-:* (14) '''Empyema'''
+:* (16) '''Empyema'''
 ::* Preferred regimen: [[Nafcillin]]  2 gm IV q4h {{or}} [[oxacillin]]  2 gm IV q4h if MSSA
 ::* Alternate regimen: [[Vancomycin]]  1 gm IV q12h {{or}} [[Linezolid]]  600 mg po bid if MRSA
-:* (15) Community-acquired pneumonia
+:* (17) Community-acquired pneumonia
 ::* '''Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)'''
 :::* Preferred Regimen : [[Nafcillin]] 1000-2000 mg q4h {{or}} [[Oxacillin]] 2 g IV q4h {{or}} [[Flucloxacillin]] 250 mg IM/IV q6h
@@ Line 203: / Line 207: @@
 :::* Alternative Regimen: [[Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole]] 1-2 double-strength tablets (800/160 mg) q12-24h
-:* (16) '''Olecranon bursitis or prepatellar bursitis'''
+:* (18) '''Olecranon bursitis or prepatellar bursitis'''
 ::* '''Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)'''
 :::* Preferred regimen: [[Nafcillin]] 2 g IV q4h {{or}} [[Oxacillin]] 2 g IV q4h {{or}} [[Dicloxacillin]] 500 mg PO qid
@@ Line 210: / Line 214: @@
 :::: Note: Initially aspirate q24h and treat for a minimum of 2–3 weeks.
-:* (17) '''Septic arthritis'''
+:* (19) '''Septic arthritis'''
 ::* In adults
 :::* '''Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)'''
@@ Line 224: / Line 228: @@
 ::::* Alternative regime: [[Cefazolin]] 0.25–1 g IV/IM q6–8h {{or}} [[Vancomycin]] 500 mg IV q6h or 1 g IV q12h
-:* (18)  '''Septic arthritis, prosthetic joint infection (device-related osteoarticular infections)'''
+:* (20)  '''Septic arthritis, prosthetic joint infection (device-related osteoarticular infections)'''
 ::* ''' Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)'''
 :::* Preferred regimen: [[Nafcillin]] 2 g IV q4–6h {{or}} [[Oxacillin]] 2 g IV q4–6h
@@ Line 235: / Line 239: @@
 ::::: Note: The above regimen should be followed by [[Rifampin]] plus a fluoroquinolone, TMP/SMX, a tetracycline or [[Clindamycin]] for 3 or 6 months for hips and knees, respectively.
-:* (19) '''Hematogenous osteomyelitis'''
+:* (21) '''Hematogenous osteomyelitis'''
 ::* Adult (>21 yrs)
 :::* '''Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)''' possible
@@ Line 260: / Line 264: @@
 :::* Alternative regimen: [[Linezolid]] 600 mg q12h IV/po {{withorwithout}} [[Rifampin]] 300 mg po/IV bid
-:* (20) '''Diabetic foot osteomyelitis'''
+:* (22) '''Diabetic foot osteomyelitis'''
 ::* High Risk for MRSA
 :::* Preferred regimen: [[Linezolid]] 600 mg IV/PO q12h {{or}} [[Daptomycin]] 4 mg/kg IV q24h {{or}} [[Vancomycin]] 15–20 mg/kg IV q8–12h (trough: 10–20 mg/L)
-:* (21)''' Necrotizing fasciitis'''<ref name="pmid24947530">{{cite journal| author=Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, Dellinger EP, Goldstein EJ, Gorbach SL et al.| title=Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the infectious diseases society of America. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2014 | volume= 59 | issue= 2 | pages= 147-59 | pmid=24947530 | doi=10.1093/cid/ciu296 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24947530  }} </ref>
+:* (23)''' Necrotizing fasciitis'''<ref name="pmid24947530">{{cite journal| author=Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, Dellinger EP, Goldstein EJ, Gorbach SL et al.| title=Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the infectious diseases society of America. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2014 | volume= 59 | issue= 2 | pages= 147-59 | pmid=24947530 | doi=10.1093/cid/ciu296 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24947530  }} </ref>
 ::* '''In adult'''
 :::* Preferred regimen (1): [[Nafcillin]] 1–2 g every 4 h IV (Severe Pencillin allergy: [[Vancomycin]], [[linezolid]], [[quinupristin]]/[[dalfopristin]], daptomycin)
@@ Line 278: / Line 282: @@
 ::::* Preferred regimen (5): [[Clindamycin]] 10–13 mg/kg/dose every 8 h IV ([[Bacteriostatic]]; potential cross-resistance and emergence of resistance in [[erythromycin]]-resistant strains; inducible resistance in methicillin resistent staphylococcus aureus)
-:* (22)  '''Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome''' <ref name="pmid19393958">{{cite journal| author=Lappin E, Ferguson AJ| title=Gram-positive toxic shock syndromes. | journal=Lancet Infect Dis | year= 2009 | volume= 9 | issue= 5 | pages= 281-90 | pmid=19393958 | doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70066-0 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19393958  }} </ref>
+:* (24)  '''Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome''' <ref name="pmid19393958">{{cite journal| author=Lappin E, Ferguson AJ| title=Gram-positive toxic shock syndromes. | journal=Lancet Infect Dis | year= 2009 | volume= 9 | issue= 5 | pages= 281-90 | pmid=19393958 | doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70066-0 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19393958  }} </ref>
 ::* '''Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus'''
 :::* Preferred regimen: [[Cloxacillin]]  250-500 mg q6h PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr) {{or}} [[Nafcillin]]  4-12 g/24 hr divided q4-6hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr) {{or}} [[Cefazolin]] 0.5-2g q8h IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr), {{and}} [[Clindamycin]] 150-600 mg q6-8h IV, IM, or PO (max dose: 5 g/24 hr IV or IM or 2 g/24 hr PO)

Sandbox ID2: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 21:30, 24 June 2015

Contents

Pathogens of Clinical Relevance

Bacteria – Gram-Positive Cocci

Prophylaxis

Antimicrobial Regimen

Bacteria – Gram-Positive Bacilli

Bacteria – Gram-Negative Cocci and Coccobacilli

Bacteria – Spirochetes

Bacteria – Gram-Negative Bacilli

Bacteria – Atypical Organisms

Bacteria – Miscellaneous

Bacteria – Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli

Fungi

Mycobacteria

Parasites – Intestinal Protozoa

Parasites – Extraintestinal Protozoa

Parasites – Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)

Parasites – Extraintestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)

Parasites – Trematodes (Flukes)

Parasites – Cestodes (Tapeworms)

Parasites – Ectoparasites

Viruses

References

Navigation menu

Sandbox ID2: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 21:30, 24 June 2015

Pathogens of Clinical Relevance

Bacteria – Gram-Positive Cocci

Prophylaxis

Antimicrobial Regimen

Bacteria – Gram-Positive Bacilli

Bacteria – Gram-Negative Cocci and Coccobacilli

Bacteria – Spirochetes

Bacteria – Gram-Negative Bacilli

Bacteria – Atypical Organisms

Bacteria – Miscellaneous

Bacteria – Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli

Fungi

Mycobacteria

Parasites – Intestinal Protozoa

Parasites – Extraintestinal Protozoa

Parasites – Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)

Parasites – Extraintestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)

Parasites – Trematodes (Flukes)

Parasites – Cestodes (Tapeworms)

Parasites – Ectoparasites

Viruses

References

Navigation menu

Search