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| ==Causes== | | ==Causes== |
| ===Life Threatening Causes=== | | ===Life Threatening Causes=== |
| * [[Aortic aneurysm]] | | Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. |
| * [[Angina|Classic angina]]
| | |
| | * [[Aortic dissection]] |
| * [[Coarctation of the aorta]] | | * [[Coarctation of the aorta]] |
| * [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] | | * [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] |
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| * [[Pulmonary embolism]] | | * [[Pulmonary embolism]] |
| * [[Spontaneous pneumothorax]] | | * [[Spontaneous pneumothorax]] |
| | * [[Unstable angina]] |
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| |
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| ===Common Causes=== | | ===Common Causes=== |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]
Overview
There are many organ systems, that when affected, can lead to the symptoms of chest pain. The most common organs involved are the heart, lungs, and the digestive system. Psychiatric disorders, can also lead to the perception of chest pain. The most important facet of diagnosis is distinguishing the life-threatening causes of chest pain, to the more benign causes.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular
|
Accelerated hypertension, acute aortic dissection, acute coronary syndrome, air embolism • aortic aneurysm •aortic coarctation *aortic Stenosis •arryhthmias atheroma *atrial fibrillation *atrial flutter •atrial myxoma •Bernheim syndrome •Bland-White-Garland Syndrome •cardiac syndrome X •cardiomyopathy •chronic stable angina •cor pulmonale •coronary artery dissection •coronary heart disease •cytarabine, *mitral valve prolapse *dilated cardiomyopathy *Dressler's syndrome • Eisenmenger syndrome •familial hypercholesterolemia *heart attack *Heller-dohle disease •hypertrophic cardiomyopathy *ischemic heart disease *isolated coronary artery anomalies *Kawasaki disease *left ventricular hypertrophy •myocardial infarction myocarditis •nabilone *pericardial tamponade •non ST elevation MI •pericarditis •prinzmetal angina •pulmonary embolism •pulmonary infarction •ST elevation MI • stress cardiomyopathy •Takotsubos cardiomyopathy •unstable angina •Wegner's granulomatosis
|
| Chemical / poisoning
|
1,1-Dimethyl hydrazine, 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane, acetonitrile, acrylonitrile, arsenic dioxide, arsenicals, carbon monoxide, lead
|
| Dermatologic
|
Herpes zoster •SAPHO syndrome
|
| Drug Side Effect
|
Adenosine, amonafide, amphetamine, aztreonam,bedaquiline fumarate, cidofovir *clomifene •corticorelin *desmopressin • cytosine arabinoside syndrome •dimercaprol •disulfiram •dornase Alfa *dolasetron mesylate *febuxostat •gemeprost •glatiramer acetate •idarubicin hydrochloride *Indomethacin •interferon gamma *iodixanol *ivacaftor *Fesoterodine •Latanoprost •Levalbuterol •megestrol *naratriptan • meropenem •methacholine •nylidrin •Oprelvekin *porfimer •phenylephrine •ramucirumab *regadenoson •repaglinide •Repaglinide and Metformin hydrochloride •rifaximin •rizatriptan •sargramostim *sertraline •sumatriptan •taliglucerase alfa *thalidomide •tamsulosin •tiagabine * tolmetin *topiramate •travoprost •triazolam •trospium *zolmitriptan •zonisamide
|
| Ear Nose Throat
|
Retropharyngeal abscess
|
| Endocrine
|
Acromegaly •gynecomastia *hyperthyroidism •hypothyroidism
|
| Environmental
|
No underlying causes
|
| Gastroenterologic
|
Abdominal distension •achalasia •Barret’s esophagus •Bergman syndrome •carcinoma •cholecystitis *cholelithiasis •diverticulitis • duodenitis •esophageal cyst •esophageal rupture •esophageal spasm •esophagitis •foreign body •gallbladder disease *gas *gastritis • gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) •hiatus Hernia •impacted stone •irritable bowel disease *liver abscess •Mallory-Weiss Syndrome •neoplasm • Nutcracker's esophagus •pancreatitis •peptic ulcer disease •perforated ulcer •Plummer-Vinson Syndrome •pneumoperitoneum • rumination disorder •Splenic enlargement •Splenic infarction •Subdiaphragmatic abcsess •Subphrenic abscess •Whipple's Disease
|
| Genetic
|
• Glycogenosis • Recurrent hereditary polyserositis • Familial mediterranean fever •Familial hypercholesterolemia *Fabry disease
|
| Hematologic
|
Sickle cell anemia • acute intermittent porphyria • lymphangiomyomatosis • autoimmune hemolytic anemia • Langerhans' cell histiocytosis •
|
| Iatrogenic
|
• Blood transfusion complication • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation •
|
| Infectious Disease
|
• Bornholm disease • hepatitis • HIV infection • herpes zoster • actinomyces • alveolar hydatid disease • Subdiaphragmatic abcsess • trichinella spiralis • ankylostomiasis • chagas disease • pneumonia • cryptococcosis • histoplasmosis • Legionnaires' disease • lassa fever •mycoplasma pneumonia
|
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho
|
• Bechterew's Disease • Bone tumor • Chondritis *Chest wall pain syndrome • Costochondritis • Chosto condral tendinitis • Chosto sternal tendinitis •Connective tissue disease *Tietze's syndrome • CS/TS osteochondrosis • Fibromyalgia • Fractured rib •Intercostal muscle spasm • Interstitial fibrosis • Intercostal neuralgia • Muscle strain or spasm •Musculoskeletal pain *Myofascial pain •Myostitis • Neuritis • Radiculitis • Periostitis • Precordial catch syndrome • Shoulder bursitis •Shoulder tendinitis • Soft tissue sarcoma or tumor • Sternoclavicular arthritis • Strain of pectoralis muscle • Thoracic Outlet Syndrome • Trauma • Vertebrogenic thoracic pain • SAPHO syndrome • Rib pain • Ankylosing spondylitis •
|
| Neurologic
|
• Tabes dorsalis • Acute spinal cord injury • Shingles • migraine headache
|
| Nutritional / Metabolic
|
• Respiratory alkalosis • Glycogenosis • Fabry disease •
|
| Oncologic
|
• Liver cancer •mediastinal tumor *mesothelioma • metastatic tumor • neurofibroma • pheochromocytoma • Pleural fibroma • mesothelioma •
|
| Opthalmologic
|
No underlying causes •
|
| Overdose / Toxicity
|
• Drugs to treat migraine headache • Amonafide • Amphetamine • Adenosine • Glatiramer acetate • Gemeprost • Naratriptan • Nylidrin • Porfimer • Regadenoson • Rizatriptan • Sumatriptan • Zolmitriptan • Cytosine arabinoside syndrome •
|
| Psychiatric
|
• Anxiety disorders • Affective disorders (e.g., depression) • Da costa's syndrome • Thought disorders (e.g., fixed delusions) • Hyperventilation syndrome • Hypochondria • Factitious disorders (e.g. Münchausen syndrome • Fabricated or induced illness • Hospital addiction syndrome • Panic attack •Somatoform disorders • Somatization disorder • Functional disorders • Chronic fatigue syndrome • Da Costa's syndrome •
|
| Pulmonary
|
• Alveolar hydatid disease • Anthracosis • Asbestosis • Asthma • Bronchial carcinoma • Bronchiectasis •Bronchitis *Bronchogenic carcinoma • Bronchogenic cyst • carcinomatous • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) • Chronic cough *Empyema • Foreign body aspiration • Goodpasture's syndrome • Hemothorax •hyperventilation *Interstitial lung disease • Laryngotracheitis • Legionnaires' disease • Lung Abscess • Lung Cancer • Lymphoma • Mediastinitis • Mesothelioma •mycoplasma pneumonia Pleural Effusion *Pleural empyema *Pleural fibroma • Pleuritis • Pleurodynia • Pneumoconiosis • Pneumomediastinum • Pneumonia • Pneumothorax • Pulmonary Embolism • Pulmonary Infarction • Respiratory alkalosis • Silicosis • Tension pneumothorax • Thymoma • Tracheitis • Tracheoesophageal abscess • Tuberculosis
|
| Renal / Electrolyte
|
• Goodpasture's syndrome •
|
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy
|
•Chondritis *Costochondritis *Connective tissue disease *Familial mediterranean fever • Recurrent hereditary polyserositis • Atopy • Autoimmune hemolytic anemia •
|
| Substance abuse
|
Cocaine •
|
| Trauma
|
Chest wall injuries • Acute spinal cord injury • Barotrauma •
|
| Miscellaneous
|
• Collagen vascular disease with pleuritis • Conn's Syndrome •Chinese restaurant syndrome *Degenerative changes of cervical spine •Idiopathic *Peritonitis •Mondor's disease *Pott's Disease • Xiphodynia • Mastalgia • Barotrauma • Decompression sickness •
|
Causes in Alphabetical Order
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References