Small cell carcinoma of the lung historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 14:47, 28 August 2015
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Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung Microchapters |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-in-Chief: Guillermo Rodriguez Nava, M.D. [2]
Overview
Laennec first recognized lung cancer as a separate disease in 1815, in his work "Encephaloides" published in the Dictionnaire des sciences médicales.[1] Azzopardi, in 1959, distinguished small cell lung cancer (SCLC) from anaplastic adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma and described the clinical and biological features that characterize it as a separate disease.[2]
Historical Perspective
Important landmarks in the history of small cell carcinoma of the lung include the following:
- 1492: Christopher Columbus received tobacco as a gift, among other things, from the Native Americans.[1]
- 1500s: Tobacco reached Europe and its use spreads.[1]
- 1815: Laennec recognized lung cancer as a separate disease.[1]
- 1926: Barnard observed that "oat-celled sarcomas of the mediastinum" were indeed lung neoplasms.[3]
- 1950: Doll and Hill described an association between smoking and lung cancer.[4]
- 1959-1962: SCLC was recognized as separate from other types of lung cancers. Azzopardi described it microscopically and named six characteristic features of it.[2] The term "small cell carcinoma" began to become more popular between American authors, while Europeans continued to call it "oat cell carcinoma", because of the resemblance to oat grains.[3]
- 1962: Watson and Berg described the unique features of SCLC, and proposed that SCLC should be classified separately from other subtypes of lung cancer.[5]
- 1969: Green et al demonstrated a statistically significant survival benefit of cyclophosphamide in lung cancer patients.[6]
- 1970s: It was observed that combination therapy is superior compared with single-agent therapy.[7]
- 1979: Concurrent chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine and radiation was tested, resulting in high toxicity but 100% complete remissions and projected 80% long-term survival.[8]
- 1980s: Regimens built around etoposide become the treatment of choice.[9]
- 1981: The WHO classified SCLC into three subtypes: (1) oat cell carcinoma (2) intermediate cell type, and (3) combined oat cell carcinoma.[10]
- 1988: The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) proposed that the intermediate cell type category be eliminated. and a new category, "mixed" small/large-cell carcinoma, was added.[11] But, because there were problems in reproductibility of all these subtypes, combined SCLC is the only subtype in the new WHO/IASLC classification.[12]
- 1990s: The first lung cancer with identified genetic abnormalities in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.[13][14][15]
- 1993: First published genome-wide analyssis of a lung cancer was in an SCLC line from a 55-year-old man with SCLC.[16]
- 1999: Prophylactic cranial irradiation is recognized as routine.[17]
- 2002: Etoposide/cysplatin were found to be superior to cyclophosphamide/epitubicin/vincristine [18]
- 2006: "Sonic hedgehog" pathway related to the pathogenesis of SCLC.[16]
- 2010: Signatures of tobacco exposure were found in thousands of mutations in a SCLC genome.[19]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 ROSENBLATT MB (1964). "LUNG CANCER IN THE 19TH CENTURY". Bull Hist Med. 38: 395–425. PMID 14213122.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 AZZOPARDI JG (1959). "Oat-cell carcinoma of the bronchus". J Pathol Bacteriol. 78: 513–9. PMID 13795444.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Barnard, W. G. (1926). "The nature of the "oat-celled sarcoma" of the mediastinum". The Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology. 29 (3): 241–244. doi:10.1002/path.1700290304. ISSN 0368-3494.
- ↑ DOLL R, HILL AB (1950). "Smoking and carcinoma of the lung; preliminary report". Br Med J. 2 (4682): 739–48. PMC 2038856. PMID 14772469.
- ↑ WATSON WL, BERG JW (1962). "Oat cell lung cancer". Cancer. 15: 759–68. PMID 14005321.
- ↑ Green RA, Humphrey E, Close H, Patno ME (1969). "Alkylating agents in bronchogenic carcinoma". Am J Med. 46 (4): 516–25. PMID 5791000.
- ↑ Lowenbraun S, Bartolucci A, Smalley RV, Lynn M, Krauss S, Durant JR (1979). "The superiority of combination chemotherapy over single agent chemotherapy in small cell lung carcinoma". Cancer. 44 (2): 406–13. PMID 224997.
- ↑ Greco FA, Richardson RL, Snell JD, Stroup SL, Oldham RK (1979). "Small cell lung cancer. Complete remission and improved survival". Am J Med. 66 (4): 625–30. PMID 219690.
- ↑ Bunn PA, Greco FA, Einhorn L (1986). "Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide as first-line therapy in the treatment of small-cell lung cancer". Semin Oncol. 13 (3 Suppl 3): 45–53. PMID 3020700.
- ↑ "The World Health Organization histological typing of lung tumours. Second edition". Am J Clin Pathol. 77 (2): 123–36. 1982. PMID 7064914.
- ↑ Hirsch FR, Matthews MJ, Aisner S, Campobasso O, Elema JD, Gazdar AF; et al. (1988). "Histopathologic classification of small cell lung cancer. Changing concepts and terminology". Cancer. 62 (5): 973–7. PMID 2842029.
- ↑ Junker K, Wiethege T, Müller KM (2000). "Pathology of small-cell lung cancer". J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 126 (7): 361–8. PMID 10929757.
- ↑ Miller CW, Simon K, Aslo A, Kok K, Yokota J, Buys CH; et al. (1992). "p53 mutations in human lung tumors". Cancer Res. 52 (7): 1695–8. PMID 1312896.
- ↑ Helin K, Holm K, Niebuhr A, Eiberg H, Tommerup N, Hougaard S; et al. (1997). "Loss of the retinoblastoma protein-related p130 protein in small cell lung carcinoma". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 94 (13): 6933–8. PMC 21262. PMID 9192669.
- ↑ Fong KM, Sekido Y, Minna JD (1999). "Molecular pathogenesis of lung cancer". J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 118 (6): 1136–52. PMID 10595998.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Vestergaard J, Pedersen MW, Pedersen N, Ensinger C, Tümer Z, Tommerup N; et al. (2006). "Hedgehog signaling in small-cell lung cancer: frequent in vivo but a rare event in vitro". Lung Cancer. 52 (3): 281–90. doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2005.12.014. PMID 16616798.
- ↑ Aupérin A, Arriagada R, Pignon JP, Le Péchoux C, Gregor A, Stephens RJ; et al. (1999). "Prophylactic cranial irradiation for patients with small-cell lung cancer in complete remission. Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation Overview Collaborative Group". N Engl J Med. 341 (7): 476–84. doi:10.1056/NEJM199908123410703. PMID 10441603.
- ↑ Sundstrøm S, Bremnes RM, Kaasa S, Aasebø U, Hatlevoll R, Dahle R; et al. (2002). "Cisplatin and etoposide regimen is superior to cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and vincristine regimen in small-cell lung cancer: results from a randomized phase III trial with 5 years' follow-up". J Clin Oncol. 20 (24): 4665–72. PMID 12488411.
- ↑ Pleasance ED, Stephens PJ, O'Meara S, McBride DJ, Meynert A, Jones D; et al. (2010). "A small-cell lung cancer genome with complex signatures of tobacco exposure". Nature. 463 (7278): 184–90. doi:10.1038/nature08629. PMC 2880489. PMID 20016488.