Oligodendroglioma pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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On microscopic histopathological analysis, [[anaplastic|anaplastic oligodendroglioma]] is characterized by:<ref name=micro>Microscopic features of oligodendroglioma. Libre Pathology. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Oligodendroglioma</ref>
On microscopic histopathological analysis, [[anaplastic|anaplastic oligodendroglioma]] is characterized by:<ref name=micro>Microscopic features of oligodendroglioma. Libre Pathology. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Oligodendroglioma</ref>
*Focal or diffusely increased cell density
*Atypical to frankly [[pleomorphic]] cells or even [[multinucleated giant cells]]
*Tumor cells may be plasmacytoid (i.e. have a [[plasma cell]]-like appearance)
**Also called as [[astrocyte|minigemistocytes]]
*Significant or brisk [[mitoses|mitotic activity]] (>= 6 mitoses per 10 [[Medical Abbreviations|HPF]])
*Significant or brisk [[mitoses|mitotic activity]] (>= 6 mitoses per 10 [[Medical Abbreviations|HPF]])
*[[Necrosis]]
*[[Necrosis]]
*[[vascular|Microvacular proliferation]]
*[[vascular|Microvacular proliferation]]
**Either in the form of 'glomeruloid' vessels or endothelial hyperplasia
**Either in the form of 'glomeruloid' vessels or endothelial hyperplasia
*Tumor cells may be plasmacytoid (i.e. have a [[plasma cell]]-like appearance)
**Also called as [[astrocyte|minigemistocytes]]


===Immunohistochemistry===
===Immunohistochemistry===

Revision as of 17:33, 9 October 2015

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]

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Overview

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

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Gross Pathology

  • On gross pathology, oligodendroglioma is characterized by a well-circumscribed, gelatinous, gray mass which may expand a gyrus and remodel the skull.[10]
  • Other characteristic gross pathological features associated with oligodendroglioma include:[10][11]
  • Common intracranial sites associated with oligodendroglioma include:[12]

Microscopic Pathology

On microscopic histopathological analysis, oligodendroglioma is characterized by:[13][14]

  • Diffusely growing tumor
  • Highly cellular lesion composed of cells resembling fried eggs with:
    • Round nucleus - key feature
    • Distinct cell borders
    • Moderate-to-marked nuclear atypia with speckled ‘salt-and-pepper' chromatin pattern
    • Clear cytoplasm
      • Some oligodendrogliomas have eosinophilic cytoplasm with focal perinuclear clearing
    • Acutely branched capillary sized vessels - "chicken-wire" like appearance
      • Abundant, delicate appearing; may vaguely resemble a paraganglioma at low power
  • Calcifications - striking feature
  • Perifocal edema - rare
  • Few tumors may exhibit eosinophilic granular bodies
  • Some tumors may show a spongioblastoma-like growth pattern

On microscopic histopathological analysis, anaplastic oligodendroglioma is characterized by:[13]

Immunohistochemistry

Oligodendroglioma is demonstrated by positivity to tumor markers such as:[15][16]

Gallery

  • Oligodendroglioma low magnification showing the characteristic small, branching, chicken wire-like blood vessels.H&E stain.[17]

    Oligodendroglioma low magnification showing the characteristic small, branching, chicken wire-like blood vessels.H&E stain.[17]

  • Oligodendroglioma high magnification showing highly cellular lesion composed of cells resembling fried eggs with distinct cell borders moderate-to-marked nuclear atypia, and a clear cytoplasm. Acutely branched capillary sized vessels - "chicken-wire" like appearance.[17]

    Oligodendroglioma high magnification showing highly cellular lesion composed of cells resembling fried eggs with distinct cell borders moderate-to-marked nuclear atypia, and a clear cytoplasm. Acutely branched capillary sized vessels - "chicken-wire" like appearance.[17]

  • Low power magnification of oligodendroglioma biopsy specimen showing discrete infiltration of the surrounding brain (HE stain, x40 mag).[18]

    Low power magnification of oligodendroglioma biopsy specimen showing discrete infiltration of the surrounding brain (HE stain, x40 mag).[18]

  • Histopathology of anaplastic oligodendroglioma showing minigemistocytes and mitoses among tumor cells with perinuclear halo. HE stain.[18]

    Histopathology of anaplastic oligodendroglioma showing minigemistocytes and mitoses among tumor cells with perinuclear halo. HE stain.[18]

  • Histopathology of anaplastic oligodendroglioma (MAP2 staining) showing perinuclear immunoreactivity of tumor cells.[18]

    Histopathology of anaplastic oligodendroglioma (MAP2 staining) showing perinuclear immunoreactivity of tumor cells.[18]

  • Histopathology of anaplastic oligodendroglioma (IDH1-R132H staining) showing immunoreactivity of tumor cells indicating presence of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1-R132H mutation.[18]

    Histopathology of anaplastic oligodendroglioma (IDH1-R132H staining) showing immunoreactivity of tumor cells indicating presence of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1-R132H mutation.[18]

References

  1. ↑ General features of oligodendroglioma. Libre Pathology. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Oligodendroglioma#cite_note-1
  2. ↑ Molecular genetics of oligodendroglioma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendroglioma
  3. ↑ Bettegowda C, Agrawal N, Jiao Y, Sausen M, Wood LD, Hruban RH; et al. (2011). "Mutations in CIC and FUBP1 contribute to human oligodendroglioma". Science. 333 (6048): 1453–5. doi:10.1126/science.1210557. PMC 3170506. PMID 21817013.
  4. ↑ Prognosis and treatment of oligodendroglioma. Wikipedia 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendroglioma
  5. ↑ Yip S, Butterfield YS, Morozova O, Chittaranjan S, Blough MD, An J; et al. (2012). "Concurrent CIC mutations, IDH mutations, and 1p/19q loss distinguish oligodendrogliomas from other cancers". J Pathol. 226 (1): 7–16. doi:10.1002/path.2995. PMC 3246739. PMID 22072542.
  6. ↑ Labreche K, Simeonova I, Kamoun A, Gleize V, Chubb D, Letouzé E; et al. (2015). "TCF12 is mutated in anaplastic oligodendroglioma". Nat Commun. 6: 7207. doi:10.1038/ncomms8207. PMC 4490400. PMID 26068201.
  7. ↑ Suri V, Jha P, Agarwal S, Pathak P, Sharma MC, Sharma V; et al. (2011). "Molecular profile of oligodendrogliomas in young patients". Neuro Oncol. 13 (10): 1099–106. doi:10.1093/neuonc/nor146. PMC 3177666. PMID 21937591.
  8. ↑ Hagel C, Laking G, Laas R, Scheil S, Jung R, Milde-Langosch K; et al. (1996). "Demonstration of p53 protein and TP53 gene mutations in oligodendrogliomas". Eur J Cancer. 32A (13): 2242–8. PMID 9038605.
  9. ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID doi:10.1016/S0090-3019(03)00167-8 Check |pmid= value (help).
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Gross appearance of oligodendroglioma. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/oligodendroglioma
  11. ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID 10.4103/0028-3886.16394 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.16394 Check |pmid= value (help).
  12. ↑ Gross/radiologic findings of oligodendroglioma. Libre Pathology. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Oligodendroglioma
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Microscopic features of oligodendroglioma. Libre Pathology. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Oligodendroglioma
  14. ↑ Ersen, Ayca (2008), Pathology of malignant gliomas: Challenges of everyday practice and the WHO 2007, Turkish Journal of Pathology, retrieved 9 October, 2015 Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  15. ↑ IHC of oligodendroglioma. Libre Pathology. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Oligodendroglioma
  16. ↑ Hilbig A, Barbosa-Coutinho LM, Netto GC, Bleil CB, Toscani NV (2006). "[Immunohistochemistry in oligodendrogliomas]". Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 64 (1): 67–71. doi:/S0004-282X2006000100014 Check |doi= value (help). PMID 16622556.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Images of microscopic appearance of oligodendroglioma. Wikipedia 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendroglioma
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Images of oligodendroglioma. Libre Pathology 2015. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Oligodendroglioma


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