Esthesioneuroblastoma staging: Difference between revisions
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==References== | ==References== | ||
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Revision as of 06:53, 27 January 2016
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Esthesioneuroblastoma Microchapters | |
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Diagnosis | |
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Treatment | |
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Case Studies | |
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Esthesioneuroblastoma staging On the Web | |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Esthesioneuroblastoma staging | |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Esthesioneuroblastoma staging | |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]
Overview
According to a staging system by Kadish, there are four stages of esthesioneuroblastoma based upon the extent of the primary tumor and lymph node or distant metastases. In 1992, Dulguerov and Calceterra proposed a classification based on the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) system, predicted on CT and MRI findings that can be identified before treatment.[1][2][3]
Staging
- The most widely used approach is the Kadish clinical staging system. Kadish et al were the first to propose a staging classification for esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB). ENBs were divided into three categories: groups A, B, and C.
- Group A is limited to tumors of the nasal fossa
- Group B, extension is to the paranasal sinuses
- Group C is defined as extension beyond the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity.[1]
- In 1993, Morita et al published a revised Kadish system that redefined stage C (consisting of local disease spreading beyond the paranasal sinuses) and included a stage D (distant metastasis).[2]
- In 1992, Dulguerov and Calceterra proposed a classification based on the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) system, which is predicated on CT and MRI findings that can be identified before treatment.[3]
Kadish staging of Esthesioneuroblastoma
| Stage | Features |
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T Categories of esthesioneuroblastoma
| T Classification | Thickness |
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Tumor involvong the nasal cavity and/or paranasal sinuses (excluding sphenoid), sparing the most superior ethmoid cells |
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Tumor involving the nasal cavity and/or paranasal sinuses (including the sphenoid), with extention to or erosion of the cribiform plate |
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Tumor extending into the orbit or protruding into the anterior cranial fossa, without dural invasion |
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Tumor involving the brain |
N Categories of Esthesioneuroblastoma
| N Lymph Node | Features |
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No cervical lymph node metastasis |
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Any form of cervical lymph node metastases |
M Categories of Esthesioneuroblastoma
| N Lymph Node | Features |
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No metastasis |
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Distant Metastases |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kadish S, Goodman M, Wang CC (1976). "Olfactory neuroblastoma. A clinical analysis of 17 cases". Cancer. 37 (3): 1571–6. PMID 1260676.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Morita A, Ebersold MJ, Olsen KD, Foote RL, Lewis JE, Quast LM (1993). "Esthesioneuroblastoma: prognosis and management". Neurosurgery. 32 (5): 706–14, discussion 714-5. PMID 8492845.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Dulguerov P, Calcaterra T (1992). "Esthesioneuroblastoma: the UCLA experience 1970-1990". Laryngoscope. 102 (8): 843–9. PMID 1495347.