Uveitis risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Tarek Nafee, M.D. [2]

Overview

There are no established risk factors for most etiologies of uveitis. Some underlying causes have potent risk factors for developing uveitis such as seronegative spondyloarthropathies, immunosuppression, sarcoidosis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Risk factors

There are no established risk factors for most etiologies of uveitis. Some underlying causes may have potent risk factors for developing uveitis such as:

• Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy: HLA-B27 or HLA-DR2 alleles, preceding viral illness, underlying vasculitis
  
• CMV retinitis: HIV, CD4 count <50, severe immunosuppression, localized ocular immunosuppression
  
• Necrotizing herpitic retinitis: Immunosuppression
  
• Punctuate inner choroidopathy: Myopia in females, age 18 to 40
  
• Sarcoid uveitis: African American race, age<50
  
• Autoimmune scleritis: Female gender, age 40-60 years
  
• Sympathetic ophthalmia: Ocular trauma with delayed closing of the wound
  
• Acute anterior uveitis: HLA-B27 allele, ankylosing spondylitis, psoraitic arthritis
  
• TINU syndrome: Female gender
  
• Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome: Hispanic or Japanese race, HLA-DR1 and HLA-DR4 alleles
  
• Drug-induced uveitis: Use of rifabutin, cidofovir, bisphosphonates, sulfonamides, moxifloxacin, metipranolol, brimonidine, prostaglandin analogues, or flurbiprofen