Edema: Difference between revisions
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| '''Drug Side Effect''' | | '''Drug Side Effect''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aldesleukin]], [[alitretinoin]], [[Alpha blockers|alpha1 blockers]], [[amlodipine]], [[androgens]], [[apomorphine hydrochloride]], [[aromatase inhibitors]],[[aspirin]], [[azficel-T]], [[bicalutamide]],[[calcium channel blockers]], [[carbenoxolone]], [[cefaclor]], [[cetrorelix]], [[chlordiazepoxide]],[[cisplatin]], [[conivaptan]], [[cidofovir]], [[conjugated estrogens]], [[crizotinib]], [[danazol ]], [[deserpidine]], [[desmopressin]], [[desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol]], [[dexamethasone]],[[diazoxide]], [[Calcium channel blocker|dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers]] , [[diltiazem]], [[docetaxel]], [[estramustine]], [[estrogens]],[[ethynodiol diacetate and ethinyl estradiol]], [[felbamate]], [[felodipine ]],[[fludrocortisone]],[[flurbiprofen]], [[fungemia]], [[gabapentin]], [[gallium nitrate]], [[gestrinone]], [[glucocorticoids]], [[glufosinate]], [[gold salts]], [[hydralazine]], [[hydrocortisone]], [[hydroxyprogesterone caproate]], [[imatinib mesylate]], [[indomethacin]], [[insulin]]s, [[interleukin 11]], [[isradipine]], [[lenalidomide]], [[lidocaine (cream)]], [[lidocaine (ointment)]], [[mefenamic acid]], [[methysergide]], [[minoxidil]], [[nabilone]],[[nifedipine]], [[nilutamide]], [[nitrendipine]],[[Calcium channel blockers|nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers]], [[Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs|nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)]], [[oxandrolone]],[[oxaprozin]], [[palifermin]], [[pegaspargase]], [[penciclovir]], [[pergolide]], [[phenylbutazone ]] ,[[pimavanserin]],[[pinacidil]],[[pioglitazone]], | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aldesleukin]], [[alitretinoin]], [[Alpha blockers|alpha1 blockers]], [[amlodipine]], [[androgens]], [[apomorphine hydrochloride]], [[aromatase inhibitors]],[[aspirin]], [[azficel-T]], [[bicalutamide]],[[calcium channel blockers]], [[carbenoxolone]], [[cefaclor]], [[cetrorelix]], [[chlordiazepoxide]],[[cisplatin]], [[conivaptan]], [[cidofovir]], [[conjugated estrogens]], [[crizotinib]], [[danazol ]], [[deserpidine]], [[desmopressin]], [[desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol]], [[dexamethasone]],[[diazoxide]], [[Calcium channel blocker|dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers]] , [[diltiazem]], [[docetaxel]], [[estramustine]], [[estrogens]],[[ethynodiol diacetate and ethinyl estradiol]], [[felbamate]], [[felodipine ]],[[fludrocortisone]],[[flurbiprofen]], [[fungemia]], [[gabapentin]], [[gallium nitrate]], [[gestrinone]], [[glucocorticoids]], [[glufosinate]], [[gold salts]], [[hydralazine]], [[hydrocortisone]], [[hydroxyprogesterone caproate]], [[imatinib mesylate]], [[indomethacin]], [[insulin]]s, [[interleukin 11]], [[isradipine]], [[lenalidomide]], [[lidocaine (cream)]], [[lidocaine (ointment)]], [[mefenamic acid]], [[methysergide]], [[minoxidil]], [[nabilone]],[[nifedipine]], [[nilutamide]], [[nitrendipine]],[[Calcium channel blockers|nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers]], [[Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs|nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)]], [[oxandrolone]],[[oxaprozin]], [[palifermin]], [[pegaspargase]], [[penciclovir]], [[pergolide]], [[phenylbutazone ]] ,[[pimavanserin]],[[pinacidil]],[[pioglitazone]], [[pramipexole]], [[prednisolone]], [[pregabalin]], [[progestins]], [[reserpine]], [[rofecoxib]], [[ropinirole]], [[sargramostim]], | ||
[[pramipexole]], [[prednisolone]], [[pregabalin]], [[progestins]], [[reserpine]], [[rofecoxib]], [[ropinirole]], [[sargramostim]], | |||
[[siltuximab]], [[sinecatechins]], [[sodium phenylbutyrate]], [[streptozocin]], [[Sympatholytic|sympatholytics]], [[tamoxifen]], [[temsirolimus]], | [[siltuximab]], [[sinecatechins]], [[sodium phenylbutyrate]], [[streptozocin]], [[Sympatholytic|sympatholytics]], [[tamoxifen]], [[temsirolimus]], | ||
[[terconazole]], [[testosterone]], [[thiazolidinediones]], [[tiagabine]], [[tolmetin]], [[vasodilators]], [[Von Willebrand factor]] | [[terconazole]], [[testosterone]], [[thiazolidinediones]], [[tiagabine]], [[tolmetin]], [[vasodilators]], [[Von Willebrand factor]] | ||
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| '''Genetic''' | | '''Genetic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aagenaes syndrome]], [[Amnion|amnion rupture sequence]], [[Andersen disease]], [[Aplasia cutis congenita|aplasia cutis congenital - intestinal lymphangiectasia]], [[C1 esterase inhibitor|C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency]], [[cardiomyopathy - hearing loss, type T-RNA lysine gene mutation]], [[combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 5]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[distichiasis ]], [[ectodermal dysplasia - arthrogryposis - diabetes mellitus]], [[encephalopathy progressive - optic atrophy]], [[estrogen dependent hereditary angioedema]], [[fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency, hereditary]], [[Goldberg syndrome]], [[hemolytic disease of the newborn]],[[ ichthyosis congenita]], [[Jacobs syndrome]], [[microcephaly - microphthalmos - blindness]], [[Milroy's disease]], [[monosomy 3p14 p11]], [[multiple joint dislocations - metaphyseal dysplasia]], [[Neu-laxova syndrome]], [[Noonan syndrome]], [[Opitz-Reynolds-Fitzgerald syndrome]], [[pulmonary lymphangiectasia, congenital]], [[Schneckenbecken dysplasia]], [[single ventricular heart]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[Turner syndrome]], [[type IV glycogen storage disease]], [[tyrosinemia]], [[Uhl anomaly]], [[X chromosome, duplication xq13 1 q21 1]], [[X chromosome, monosomy xp22 pter]], [[X chromosome, monosomy xq28]], [[X chromosome, trisomy 26-28]], [[X chromosome, trisomy xp3]], [[X chromosome, trisomy xpter xq13]], [[X chromosome, trisomy xq]], [[X chromosome, trisomy xq25]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aagenaes syndrome]], [[Amnion|amnion rupture sequence]], [[Andersen disease]], [[Aplasia cutis congenita|aplasia cutis congenital - intestinal lymphangiectasia]], [[C1 esterase inhibitor|C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency]], [[Cardiomyopathy|cardiomyopathy - hearing loss, type T-RNA lysine gene mutation]], [[Oxidative phosphorylation|combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 5]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Kartagener's Syndrome|dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Distichiasis - heart and vasculature anomalies - sinus bradycardia|distichiasis]] , [[ectodermal dysplasia]] - [[arthrogryposis]] - [[diabetes mellitus]], [[PEHO syndrome|encephalopathy progressive - optic atrophy]], [[Hereditary angioedema, type 3|estrogen dependent hereditary angioedema]], [[HFI|fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency, hereditary]], [[Goldberg–Shprintzen syndrome|Goldberg syndrome]], [[hemolytic disease of the newborn]],[[ ichthyosis congenita]], [[YY syndrome|Jacobs syndrome]], [[microcephaly]] - [[microphthalmos]] - [[blindness]], [[Milroy's Disease|Milroy's disease]], [[Monosomy|monosomy 3p14 p11]], [[Joint dislocation|multiple joint dislocations]] [[Metaphyseal dysplasia|- metaphyseal dysplasia]], [[NLS|Neu-laxova syndrome]], [[Noonan syndrome]], [[Congenital disorder|Opitz-Reynolds-Fitzgerald syndrome]], [[Lymphangiectasia|pulmonary lymphangiectasia, congenital]], [[Dysplasia|Schneckenbecken dysplasia]], [[Ventricle (heart)|single ventricular heart]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[Turner syndrome]], [[Glycogen storage disease|type IV glycogen storage disease]], [[tyrosinemia]], [[Uhl anomaly]], [[X chromosome|X chromosome, duplication xq13 1 q21 1]], [[X chromosome|X chromosome, monosomy xp22 pter]], [[X chromosome|X chromosome, monosomy xq28]], [[X chromosome|X chromosome, trisomy 26-28]], [[X chromosome|X chromosome, trisomy xp3]], [[X chromosome|X chromosome, trisomy xpter xq13]], [[X chromosome|X chromosome, trisomy xq]], [[X chromosome|X chromosome, trisomy xq25]] | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Hematologic''' | | '''Hematologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia]], [[hereditary angioedema]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cryoglobulinemia|Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia]], [[hereditary angioedema]] | ||
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| '''Infectious Disease''' | | '''Infectious Disease''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acanthocheilonemiasis]], [[Chagas disease]], [[intestinal capillariasis]], [[Junin virus]], [[lymphadenitis]],[[lymphatic filariasis]], [[Plasmodium malariae]], [[Plasmodium ovale]], [[sleeping sickness (east african)]], [[sleeping sickness (west african)]], [[trichinosis | | bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acanthocheilonemiasis]], [[Chagas disease]], [[intestinal capillariasis]], [[Junin virus]], [[lymphadenitis]],[[lymphatic filariasis]], [[Plasmodium malariae]], [[Plasmodium ovale]], [[Sleeping sickness (East African)|sleeping sickness (east african)]], [[Sleeping sickness (West African)|sleeping sickness (west african)]], [[trichinosis]] | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Neurologic''' | | '''Neurologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Proximal spinal muscular atrophy]], [[spinal muscular atrophy, type II]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Spinal muscular atrophy|Proximal spinal muscular atrophy]], [[Spinal muscular atrophy|spinal muscular atrophy, type II]] | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic''' | | '''Nutritional/Metabolic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dieting|Excessive dieting]],[[Kwashiorkor]], [[malnutrition]], [[nutritional deficiency]], [[Sodium|sodium overload]], [[thiamine deficiency]], [[vitamin E deficiency]], [[water overload]] | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic''' | | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Eclampsia]], [[Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome]], [[pre-eclampsia]], [[pregnancy and premenstrual edema]],[[pregnancy]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Eclampsia]], [[Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome]], [[pre-eclampsia]], [[Premenstrual water retention|pregnancy and premenstrual edema]],[[pregnancy]] | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Oncologic''' | | '''Oncologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Angioimmunoblastic t-cell lymphoma]],[[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[carcinoid tumours and carcinoid syndrome]], | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[T-cell lymphoma|Angioimmunoblastic t-cell lymphoma]],[[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[carcinoid tumours and carcinoid syndrome]], [[Hodgkin's Disease|classical hodgkin disease]], [[Letterer-Siwe disease]], [[malignant ascites]], [[Hodgkin's Disease|mixed cellularity hodgkin's disease]], [[Lymph nodes enlarged|nodal enlargement due to malignancy]], [[nodular sclerosing hodgkin's lymphoma]] | ||
[[classical hodgkin disease]], [Letterer- | |||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Ophthalmologic''' | | '''Ophthalmologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Distichiasis ]], [[nevus of ota retinitis pigmentosa]], [[obal syndrome]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Distichiasis - heart and vasculature anomalies - sinus bradycardia|Distichiasis]] , [[Retinitis pigmentosa|nevus of ota retinitis pigmentosa]], [[Malnutrition|obal syndrome]] | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Psychiatric''' | | '''Psychiatric''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Refeeding edema]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Refeeding|Refeeding edema]] | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Pulmonary''' | | '''Pulmonary''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute pulmonary edema]], [[adult respiratory distress syndrome]], [[hemangiomatosis, familial pulmonary capillary]], | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pulmonary edema|Acute pulmonary edema]], [[adult respiratory distress syndrome]], [[Hemangioma|hemangiomatosis, familial pulmonary capillary]], [[Lymphangiomatosis|lymphangiomatosis, pulmonary]], [[Lymphangiectasia|pulmonary lymphangiectasia, congenital]] | ||
[[lymphangiomatosis, pulmonary]], [[pulmonary lymphangiectasia, congenital]] | |||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Renal/Electrolyte''' | | '''Renal/Electrolyte''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute glomerulonephritis]], [[acute renal failure]], [[chronic kidney disease]], [[glomerular disease]],[[hypernatremia]], [[hypoproteinaemia]], [[lipoprotein glomerulopathy]], [[membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]], [[mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis type 1]], [[mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis type III]], [[nephritis]], [[nephrosis, idiopathic form, familiar]], | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute glomerulonephritis]], [[acute renal failure]], [[chronic kidney disease]], [[glomerular disease]],[[hypernatremia]], [[Hypoproteinemia|hypoproteinaemia]], [[lipoprotein glomerulopathy]], [[membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]], [[Glomerulonephritis|mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis type 1]], [[Glomerulonephritis|mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis type III]], [[nephritis]], [[Nephrosis|nephrosis, idiopathic form, familiar]], [[nephrotic syndrome]], [[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|non-diarrheal (d-) HUS syndrome]], [[post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis]], [[renal disease]], [[renal failure]] | ||
[[nephrotic syndrome]], [[non-diarrheal (d-) HUS syndrome]], [[post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis]], [[renal disease]], [[renal failure]] | |||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy''' | | '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute infantile hemorrhagic oedema]], [[allergic reaction]], [[anaphylaxis]], [[autoimmune disease (juvenile idiopathic arthritis & Crohn's disease)]], [[eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome]], [[Goodpasture's syndrome]], [[inherited hemolytic-uremic syndrome]], [[Kawasaki disease]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hemorrhagic|Acute infantile hemorrhagic oedema]], [[allergic reaction]], [[anaphylaxis]], [[Autoimmune disease|autoimmune disease (juvenile idiopathic arthritis & Crohn's disease)]], [[eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome]], [[Goodpasture's syndrome]], [[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|inherited hemolytic-uremic syndrome]], [[Kawasaki disease]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]] | ||
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| '''Trauma''' | | '''Trauma''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Leg injury]], [[trauma]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Leg|Leg injury]], [[trauma]] | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Miscellaneous''' | | '''Miscellaneous''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute altitude sickness]], [[bone marrow failure ]], [[cachexia]], [[eosinophilic enteropathy, pattern II]], [[granulomatous lymphangitis]], [[hypernatremia]], [[hypoproteinaemia]], [[idiopathic edema, when diuretic induced]], [[inflammation or sepsis]], [[Irons-Bhan syndrome]], [[lymph node dissection]], [[lymphedema praecox]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[protein deficiency]], [[rheumatic fever]], [[Tang Hsi Ryu syndrome]], [[Yellow nail syndrome]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute altitude sickness]], [[bone marrow failure ]], [[cachexia]], [[Eosinophilic colitis|eosinophilic enteropathy, pattern II]], [[Lymphangitis|granulomatous lymphangitis]], [[hypernatremia]], [[Hypoproteinemia|hypoproteinaemia]], [[Edema|idiopathic edema, when diuretic induced]], [[Inflammation|inflammation or sepsis]], [[Lymphedema|Irons-Bhan syndrome]], [[Lymph node|lymph node dissection]], [[Lymphedema|lymphedema praecox]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[protein deficiency]], [[rheumatic fever]], [[Tang Hsi Ryu syndrome]], [[Yellow nail syndrome]] | ||
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Revision as of 15:30, 17 January 2017
Edema | |
Skin: Pitting Edema; Gross, close-up of dorsum of hand with marked pitting edema. Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology |
WikiDoc Resources for Edema |
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Ongoing Trials on Edema at Clinical Trials.gov Clinical Trials on Edema at Google
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Guidelines / Policies / Govt |
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Edema
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Definitions |
Patient Resources / Community |
Directions to Hospitals Treating Edema Risk calculators and risk factors for Edema
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Martin Nino, M.D. [2]
Synonyms and keywords: oedema or œdema
Overview
Edema (American English), formerly known as dropsy or hydropsy, is the increase of interstitial fluid in any organ — swelling. Generally, the amount of interstitial fluid is in the balance of homeostasis. Increased secretion of fluid into the interstitium or impaired removal of this fluid may cause edema. Cutaneous edema is referred to as "pitting" when, after pressure is applied to a small area, the indentation persists after the release of the pressure.
Classification
Edema can be classified into pitting edema and non piting edema. Peripheral pitting edema is the more common type, resulting from water retention. It can be caused by systemic diseases, pregnancy in some women, either directly or as a result of heart failure, or local conditions such as varicose veins, thrombophlebitis, insect bites, and dermatitis. Non-pitting edema is observed when the indentation does not persist. It is associated with such conditions as lymphedema, lipedema, and myxedema.
Pathophysiology
Generation of interstitial fluid is regulated by the Starling equation of tissue fluid which states that it depends on the balance of osmotic pressure and of hydrostatic pressure which act in opposite directions across the semipermeable capillary walls. Consequently, anything that increases oncotic pressure outside blood vessels (for example inflammation), or reduces oncotic pressure in the blood (states of low plasma osmolality, for example cirrhosis) will cause edema. Increased hydrostatic pressure inside the blood vessel (for example in heart failure) will have the same effect. If the permeability of the capillary walls increases, more fluid will tend to escape out of the capillary, as can happen when there is inflammation.
Causes
Causes of edema can be grouped by its extension as generalized and localized edema. Other way to classify it is by its primary mechanism: Increased capillary hydraulic pressure, hypoalbuminemia, increased capillary permeability, lymphatic obstruction or increased interstitial oncotic pressure.
Life Threatening Causes
Life threatening causes of edema are:[1]
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
Organ-Specific Edema
Edema of specific organs (cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, macular edema, pedal edema) may also occur, each with different specific causes to peripheral edema, but all based on the same principles. Ascites is effectively edema within the peritoneal cavity, as pleural effusions are effectively edema in the pleural cavity. Causes of edema which are generalized to the whole body can cause edema in multiple organs and peripherally. For example, severe heart failure can cause peripheral edema, pulmonary edema, pleural effusions and ascites.
Common and usually harmless appearances of cutaneous edema are observed with mosquito bites and skin contact with certain plants (urticaria).
Edema may be found in the eyes after corrective surgery or procedures of that nature.
References
- ↑ Adrogué HJ, Madias NE (1998). "Management of life-threatening acid-base disorders. First of two parts". N Engl J Med. 338 (1): 26–34. doi:10.1056/NEJM199801013380106. PMID 9414329.
External links
Template:Skin and subcutaneous tissue symptoms and signs Template:Nervous and musculoskeletal system symptoms and signs Template:Urinary system symptoms and signs Template:Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour symptoms and signs Template:Speech and voice symptoms and signs Template:General symptoms and signs