Ureaplasma urealyticum risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Risk factors that have been identified for Ureaplasma colonization/infection include factors such as heavy [[Urogenital tract|urogenital]] colonization in adults, multiple sexual partners, [[Immunocompromise|immunosuppression]], and prematurity in neonates.<ref name="pmid8399903" /><ref name="pmid26518581"/><ref name="pmid18596706" /><ref name="pmid18577163" /><ref name="pmid27756710">{{cite journal| author=Kikhney J, von Schöning D, Steding I, Schulze J, Petrich A, Hiergeist A et al.| title=Is Ureaplasma spp. the leading causative agent of acute chorioamnionitis in women with preterm birth? | journal=Clin Microbiol Infect | year= 2017 | volume= 23 | issue= 2 | pages= 119.e1-119.e7 | pmid=27756710 | doi=10.1016/j.cmi.2016.10.010 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27756710 }} </ref><ref name="pmid27172838">{{cite journal| author=Koucký M, Malíčková K, Cindrová-Davies T, Smíšek J, Vráblíková H, Černý A et al.| title=Prolonged progesterone administration is associated with less frequent cervicovaginal colonization by Ureaplasma urealyticum during pregnancy - Results of a pilot study. | journal=J Reprod Immunol | year= 2016 | volume= 116 | issue= | pages= 35-41 | pmid=27172838 | doi=10.1016/j.jri.2016.04.285 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27172838 }} </ref> | Risk factors that have been identified for Ureaplasma colonization/infection include factors such as heavy [[Urogenital tract|urogenital]] colonization in adults, multiple sexual partners, [[Immunocompromise|immunosuppression]], and prematurity in neonates.<ref name="pmid8399903">{{cite journal| author=Waites KB, Crouse DT, Cassell GH| title=Systemic neonatal infection due to Ureaplasma urealyticum. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 1993 | volume= 17 Suppl 1 | issue= | pages= S131-5 | pmid=8399903 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8399903 }} </ref><ref name="pmid26518581">{{cite journal| author=Resch B, Gutmann C, Reiterer F, Luxner J, Urlesberger B| title=Neonatal Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization increases pulmonary and cerebral morbidity despite treatment with macrolide antibiotics. | journal=Infection | year= 2016 | volume= 44 | issue= 3 | pages= 323-7 | pmid=26518581 | doi=10.1007/s15010-015-0858-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26518581 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18596706">{{cite journal| author=Viscardi RM, Hashmi N, Gross GW, Sun CC, Rodriguez A, Fairchild KD| title=Incidence of invasive ureaplasma in VLBW infants: relationship to severe intraventricular hemorrhage. | journal=J Perinatol | year= 2008 | volume= 28 | issue= 11 | pages= 759-65 | pmid=18596706 | doi=10.1038/jp.2008.98 | pmc=5334544 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18596706 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18577163">{{cite journal| author=Harada K, Tanaka H, Komori S, Tsuji Y, Nagata K, Tsutsui H et al.| title=Vaginal infection with Ureaplasma urealyticum accounts for preterm delivery via induction of inflammatory responses. | journal=Microbiol Immunol | year= 2008 | volume= 52 | issue= 6 | pages= 297-304 | pmid=18577163 | doi=10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00039.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18577163 }} </ref><ref name="pmid27756710">{{cite journal| author=Kikhney J, von Schöning D, Steding I, Schulze J, Petrich A, Hiergeist A et al.| title=Is Ureaplasma spp. the leading causative agent of acute chorioamnionitis in women with preterm birth? | journal=Clin Microbiol Infect | year= 2017 | volume= 23 | issue= 2 | pages= 119.e1-119.e7 | pmid=27756710 | doi=10.1016/j.cmi.2016.10.010 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27756710 }} </ref><ref name="pmid27172838">{{cite journal| author=Koucký M, Malíčková K, Cindrová-Davies T, Smíšek J, Vráblíková H, Černý A et al.| title=Prolonged progesterone administration is associated with less frequent cervicovaginal colonization by Ureaplasma urealyticum during pregnancy - Results of a pilot study. | journal=J Reprod Immunol | year= 2016 | volume= 116 | issue= | pages= 35-41 | pmid=27172838 | doi=10.1016/j.jri.2016.04.285 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27172838 }} </ref> | ||
==Risk factors== | ==Risk factors== | ||
Revision as of 20:00, 21 April 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fatimo Biobaku M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Risk factors that have been identified for Ureaplasma colonization/infection include factors such as heavy urogenital colonization in adults, multiple sexual partners, immunosuppression, and prematurity in neonates.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Risk factors
Risk factors for Ureaplasma infection in infants include the following:[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Neonatal factors
- Prematurity
- Low birth weight
- Perinatal asphyxia (Apgar score less than 6 at 5min)
- Mechanical ventilation of the infant
- Tracheal colonization of the infant by Ureaplasma species: The risk of developing moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia is increased by 7-9 folds in mechanically ventilated infants with Ureaplasma positive tracheal aspirate compared to mechanically ventilated infants with Ureaplasma positive nasopharyngeal sample.
- Congenital anomalies such as meningomyelocele
Maternal factors
- Prolonged or preterm rupture of membranes
- Chorioamnionitis
- Heavy vaginal colonization by Ureaplasma species
- Low socioeconomic status
Risk factors for Ureaplasma colonization/infection in adult men and women:[7][8][9][10][11][12]
- Multiple sexual partners
- Younger age
- Urogenital colonization/infection with other microorganisms
- Low socioeconomic status
- Immunosuppresion such as congenital immunodeficiency disorders like hypogammaglobulinemia.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Waites KB, Crouse DT, Cassell GH (1993). "Systemic neonatal infection due to Ureaplasma urealyticum". Clin Infect Dis. 17 Suppl 1: S131–5. PMID 8399903.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Resch B, Gutmann C, Reiterer F, Luxner J, Urlesberger B (2016). "Neonatal Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization increases pulmonary and cerebral morbidity despite treatment with macrolide antibiotics". Infection. 44 (3): 323–7. doi:10.1007/s15010-015-0858-7. PMID 26518581.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Viscardi RM, Hashmi N, Gross GW, Sun CC, Rodriguez A, Fairchild KD (2008). "Incidence of invasive ureaplasma in VLBW infants: relationship to severe intraventricular hemorrhage". J Perinatol. 28 (11): 759–65. doi:10.1038/jp.2008.98. PMC 5334544. PMID 18596706.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Harada K, Tanaka H, Komori S, Tsuji Y, Nagata K, Tsutsui H; et al. (2008). "Vaginal infection with Ureaplasma urealyticum accounts for preterm delivery via induction of inflammatory responses". Microbiol Immunol. 52 (6): 297–304. doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00039.x. PMID 18577163.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kikhney J, von Schöning D, Steding I, Schulze J, Petrich A, Hiergeist A; et al. (2017). "Is Ureaplasma spp. the leading causative agent of acute chorioamnionitis in women with preterm birth?". Clin Microbiol Infect. 23 (2): 119.e1–119.e7. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2016.10.010. PMID 27756710.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Koucký M, Malíčková K, Cindrová-Davies T, Smíšek J, Vráblíková H, Černý A; et al. (2016). "Prolonged progesterone administration is associated with less frequent cervicovaginal colonization by Ureaplasma urealyticum during pregnancy - Results of a pilot study". J Reprod Immunol. 116: 35–41. doi:10.1016/j.jri.2016.04.285. PMID 27172838.
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑ Benedetto C, Tibaldi C, Marozio L, Marini S, Masuelli G, Pelissetto S; et al. (2004). "Cervicovaginal infections during pregnancy: epidemiological and microbiological aspects". J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 16 Suppl 2: 9–12. doi:10.1080/14767050410001727107. PMID 15590426.
- ↑ George MD, Cardenas AM, Birnbaum BK, Gluckman SJ (2015). "Ureaplasma septic arthritis in an immunosuppressed patient with juvenile idiopathic arthritis". J Clin Rheumatol. 21 (4): 221–4. doi:10.1097/RHU.0000000000000248. PMID 26010188.