Androgen insensitivity syndrome risk factors: Difference between revisions
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*The risk of '''gonadal germ cell tumor''' is low during childhood and adolescence but increases in later adulthood.<ref name="pmid23044881">{{cite journal| author=Hughes IA, Werner R, Bunch T, Hiort O| title=Androgen insensitivity syndrome. | journal=Semin Reprod Med | year= 2012 | volume= 30 | issue= 5 | pages= 432-42 | pmid=23044881 | doi=10.1055/s-0032-1324728 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23044881 }} </ref> | *The risk of '''gonadal germ cell tumor''' is low during childhood and adolescence but increases in later adulthood.<ref name="pmid23044881">{{cite journal| author=Hughes IA, Werner R, Bunch T, Hiort O| title=Androgen insensitivity syndrome. | journal=Semin Reprod Med | year= 2012 | volume= 30 | issue= 5 | pages= 432-42 | pmid=23044881 | doi=10.1055/s-0032-1324728 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23044881 }} </ref> | ||
* Benign tumours of non-germ-cell origin include Sertoli cell adenoma and hamartomas. <ref name="pmid22698698">{{cite journal| author=Hughes IA, Davies JD, Bunch TI, Pasterski V, Mastroyannopoulou K, MacDougall J| title=Androgen insensitivity syndrome. | journal=Lancet | year= 2012 | volume= 380 | issue= 9851 | pages= 1419-28 | pmid=22698698 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60071-3 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22698698 }} </ref> | |||
*Evaluation of Relatives at Risk may help identify affected individuals at an early stage. <ref name="pmid20301602">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pagon RA, Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Wallace SE, Amemiya A, Bean LJH, Bird TD, Ledbetter N, Mefford HC, Smith RJH, Stephens K, Gottlieb B, Trifiro MA |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=20301602 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *Evaluation of Relatives at Risk may help identify affected individuals at an early stage. <ref name="pmid20301602">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pagon RA, Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Wallace SE, Amemiya A, Bean LJH, Bird TD, Ledbetter N, Mefford HC, Smith RJH, Stephens K, Gottlieb B, Trifiro MA |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=20301602 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
**It is advisable to evaluate the apparently asymptomatic older and younger siblings of a proband in order to identify as early as possible those who would benefit from institution of treatment and preventive measures. | **It is advisable to evaluate the apparently asymptomatic older and younger siblings of a proband in order to identify as early as possible those who would benefit from institution of treatment and preventive measures. | ||
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Overview
Risk Factors
- The risk of gonadal germ cell tumor is low during childhood and adolescence but increases in later adulthood.[1]
- Benign tumours of non-germ-cell origin include Sertoli cell adenoma and hamartomas. [2]
- Evaluation of Relatives at Risk may help identify affected individuals at an early stage. [3]
- It is advisable to evaluate the apparently asymptomatic older and younger siblings of a proband in order to identify as early as possible those who would benefit from institution of treatment and preventive measures.
- For an apparently asymptomatic older or younger sib who has normal external female genitalia and who has not yet undergone menarche, a karyotype can be done first. For those phenotypic females who have a 46,XY karyotype, molecular genetic testing for the known AR variant in the family can be pursued next. If the AR variant in the family is not known, androgen binding assays could be considered.
References
- ↑ Hughes IA, Werner R, Bunch T, Hiort O (2012). "Androgen insensitivity syndrome". Semin Reprod Med. 30 (5): 432–42. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1324728. PMID 23044881.
- ↑ Hughes IA, Davies JD, Bunch TI, Pasterski V, Mastroyannopoulou K, MacDougall J (2012). "Androgen insensitivity syndrome". Lancet. 380 (9851): 1419–28. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60071-3. PMID 22698698.
- ↑ Pagon RA, Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Wallace SE, Amemiya A, Bean L, Bird TD, Ledbetter N, Mefford HC, Smith R, Stephens K, Gottlieb B, Trifiro MA. PMID 20301602. Vancouver style error: initials (help); Missing or empty
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