Chorioamnionitis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Causes

Common Causes

It is polymicrobial infection with two or more organisms involved:

• Bacteroides sp., especially Prevotella bivius
• Streptococcus sp. (Groups A, B)
• Enterobacteriaceae
• Chlamydia trachomatis
• Ureaplasma urealyticum.
• Viruses (adenoviruse has be associated with hisological inflammation.
• Fungi especially candidia in certain cases like in vitro fertilizationn, intrautrine devices and amniocentesis.

The frequency of the causative pathogens varies based on the place of culture isolates:

• Placenta of preterm infants:
  • Ureaplasma urealyticum 47%
  • Gardnerella vaginalis 26%

• Amniotic fluid isolates:
  • Ureaplasma urealyticum 47%
  • Gram-negative anaerobes 38.4%
  • Mycoplasma hominis 30.4%
  • Bacteroides 29.5%
  • Gardnerella vaginalis 24.5%

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Escherichia coli
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	Mycoplasma hominis
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Adenovirus, Bacteroides , Candida albicans, Chlamydia trachomatis, Endometritis, Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Gardnerella vaginalis , Gram-negative anaerobes , Listeria monocytogenes, Mycoplasma hominis , Prevotella bivius, Streptococcus group b, Streptococcus group a, Ureaplasma urealyticum
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Mycoplasma hominis
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Chlamydia trachomatis, Endometritis, Prolonged labor
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	Gardnerella vaginalis
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	Urinary tract infection
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Adenovirus
• Bacteroides 
• Candida albicans
• Chlamydia trachomatis
• Endometritis
• Enterobacteriaceae
• Escherichia coli
• Gardnerella vaginalis 
• Gram-negative anaerobes
• Listeria monocytogenes
• Mycoplasma hominis 
• Prevotella bivius
• Prolonged labor
• Streptococcus group b
• Streptococcus group a
• Ureaplasma urealyticum
• Urinary tract infection