Goiter causes: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 13:32, 3 October 2017

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Various factors have been associated with the cause of goiter such as hereditary, hormonal, dietary, pharmacological, physiological, environmental and pathological factors. The most common causes being, iodine deficiency, grave's disease and hashimoto's disease. Goiter may be caused by a mutation in the genes such as the thyroglobulin (Tg) gene, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene and the Na+/I- symporter (NIS) gene.

Causes

Factors associated with goiter can be classified as follows:-
- Hereditary factors
- Hormonal factors
- Dietary factors
- Pharmacological factors
- Physiological factors
- Environmental factors
- Pathological factors

Hereditary factors:
- Inherited defect(Familial goiter) of thyroid hormone synthesis such as:
  - Enzymatic defect deficiency
  - Dyshormonogenesis

Hormonal factors:
- Thyroid hormone dysfunction:
  - Hyperthyroidism (overproduction of thyroid hormones)
  - Hypothyroidism (underproduction of thyroid hormones)

Dietary factors:
- Dietary iodine deficiency
- Goitrogens (play a major role in endemic goitre)

Pharmacological factors:
- Use of goitrogenic drugs like para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), thiocyanate and antithyroid drugs [e.g. thiouracil, carbimazole] results in hypothyroidism

Physiological factors:
- Increased metabolic demand of thyroid hormones e.g. during pregnancy or puberty results in physiological goitre

Environmental factors:
- Exposure to radiations leading to:
  - Thyroid cancer
  - Hypothyroidism

Pathological factors:
- Intrinsic thyroid gland diseases
  - Inflammatory goitres
  - Neoplastic goitres
    - Benign adenoma (follicular adenoma)
    - Malignant
      - Primary: Well differentiated, Poorly differentiated, Arising from parafollicular cells
      - Secondary

Common Causes

Goiter may be caused by:

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of Goiter include:

Genetic Causes

Goiter may be caused by a mutation in the following genes which vary from one family to the other: ^[1]

Thyroglobulin (Tg) gene
Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene
Na+/I- symporter (NIS) gene

Multinodular goiter marker 1 (MNG1) on chromosome 14 ^[1]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Brix TH, Hegedüs L (2000). "Genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of simple goitre". Ann. Med. 32 (3): 153–6. PMID 10821321.

Template:WH Template:WS

[pmid10821321-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Brix TH, Hegedüs L (2000). "Genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of simple goitre". Ann. Med. 32 (3): 153–6. PMID 10821321.

[1]

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 ==Causes==
 *'''Factors associated with goiter can be classified as follows:-'''
-**''Hereditary factors''
+**''[[Hereditary]] factors''
-**''Hormonal factors''
+**''[[Hormonal]] factors''
-**''Dietary factors''
+**''[[Dietary]] factors''
-**''Pharmacological factors''
+**''[[Pharmacological]] factors''
-**''Physiological factors''
+**''[[Physiological]] factors''
-**''Environmental factors''
+**''[[Environmental Health Perspectives|Environmental]] factors''
-**''Pathological factors''
+**''[[Pathological]] factors''
 *'''''Hereditary factors:'''''
-**Inherited defect(Familial goitre) of thyroid hormone synthesis such as:
+**Inherited defect(Familial goiter) of thyroid hormone synthesis such as:
 ***Enzymatic defect deficiency
 ***[[Dyshormonogenesis]]
@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 *'''''Dietary factors:'''''
-**Dietary iodine deficiency
+**Dietary [[iodine deficiency]]
-**[[Goitrogens]] (play a major role in endemic goitre)
+**[[Goitrogen|Goitrogens]] (play a major role in endemic goitre)
 *'''''Pharmacological factors:'''''
@@ Line 62: / Line 62: @@
 *[[Thyroid cancer]]
 *[[Multinodular goiter]]
-*[[Solitary thyroid nodule]]s
+*Solitary thyroid nodules
 ===Genetic Causes===
@@ Line 69: / Line 69: @@
 :*[[Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor]] ([[TSHR]]) gene
 :*[[Na+/I- symporter (NIS) gene]]
-*[[Multinodular goitre marker]] 1 (MNG1) on chromosome 14 <ref name="pmid10821321">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brix TH, Hegedüs L |title=Genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of simple goitre |journal=Ann. Med. |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=153–6 |year=2000 |pmid=10821321 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+*[[Multinodular goiter]] marker 1 (MNG1) on chromosome 14 <ref name="pmid10821321">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brix TH, Hegedüs L |title=Genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of simple goitre |journal=Ann. Med. |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=153–6 |year=2000 |pmid=10821321 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 ==References==