Cerebral palsy classification: Difference between revisions
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==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
===Topographical Distribution=== | |||
*Based on number of limbs inolved cerebral palsy can be classified into 4 subtypes | |||
**Monoplegia | |||
**Diplegia | |||
**Hemiplegia | |||
**Triplegia | |||
**Quadriplegia | |||
===Muscle tone=== | |||
Based on the tone of involved muscle cerebral palsy can be divided into | |||
*Hypertonia | |||
*Hypotonia | |||
===Functional Classification of Cerebral Palsy=== | |||
The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) are two most commonly | |||
===Manual Ability Classification System=== | ===Manual Ability Classification System=== | ||
The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) classifies children with cerebral palsy into five levels. The levels are based on the children’s self-initiated ability to handle objects and their need for assistance or adaptation to perform manual activities in everyday life.<ref name="pmid28441773">{{cite journal |vauthors=Paulson A, Vargus-Adams J |title=Overview of Four Functional Classification Systems Commonly Used in Cerebral Palsy |journal=Children (Basel) |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages= |year=2017 |pmid=28441773 |pmc=5406689 |doi=10.3390/children4040030 |url=}}</ref> | The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) classifies children with cerebral palsy into five levels. The levels are based on the children’s self-initiated ability to handle objects and their need for assistance or adaptation to perform manual activities in everyday life.<ref name="pmid28441773">{{cite journal |vauthors=Paulson A, Vargus-Adams J |title=Overview of Four Functional Classification Systems Commonly Used in Cerebral Palsy |journal=Children (Basel) |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages= |year=2017 |pmid=28441773 |pmc=5406689 |doi=10.3390/children4040030 |url=}}</ref> | ||
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{{familytree/end}} | {{familytree/end}} | ||
===Gross Motor Function Classification System=== | ===Gross Motor Function Classification System=== | ||
The Gross Motor Function Classification System | The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) also classifies children with cerebral palsy into five levels. The levels are based on self-initiated movement abilities, in particular sitting and walking.<ref name="pmid17584944">{{cite journal |vauthors=Carnahan KD, Arner M, Hägglund G |title=Association between gross motor function (GMFCS) and manual ability (MACS) in children with cerebral palsy. A population-based study of 359 children |journal=BMC Musculoskelet Disord |volume=8 |issue= |pages=50 |year=2007 |pmid=17584944 |pmc=1919364 |doi=10.1186/1471-2474-8-50 |url=}}</ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Level | !Level | ||
!Description | !Description | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1 | |1 | ||
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* Can climb stairs without the use of a railing. | * Can climb stairs without the use of a railing. | ||
* Can perform gross motor skills such as running and jumping, but speed, balance, and coordination are limited. | * Can perform gross motor skills such as running and jumping, but speed, balance, and coordination are limited. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|2 | |2 | ||
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* Children may walk with physical assistance, a handheld mobility device or used wheeled mobility over long distances. | * Children may walk with physical assistance, a handheld mobility device or used wheeled mobility over long distances. | ||
* Children have only minimal ability to perform gross motor skills such as running and jumping. | * Children have only minimal ability to perform gross motor skills such as running and jumping. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|3 | |3 | ||
| | | | ||
* Children walk using a hand-held mobility device in most indoor settings. | |||
* Children may climb stairs holding onto a railing with supervision or assistance. | |||
* Children use wheeled mobility when traveling long distances and may self-propel for shorter distances. | |||
|- | |- | ||
|4 | |4 | ||
| | | | ||
* Children use methods of mobility that require physical assistance or powered mobility in most settings. | |||
* Children may walk for short distances at home with physical assistance or use powered mobility or a body support walker when positioned. | |||
* At school, outdoors and in the community children are transported in a manual wheelchair or use powered mobility. | |||
|- | |- | ||
|5 | |5 | ||
| | | | ||
* Children are transported in a manual wheelchair in all settings. | |||
* Children are limited in their ability to maintain antigravity head and trunk postures and control leg and arm movements. | |||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 19:52, 3 October 2017
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Cerebral palsy Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Cerebral palsy classification On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Cerebral palsy classification |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Cerebral palsy classification |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Classification
Topographical Distribution
- Based on number of limbs inolved cerebral palsy can be classified into 4 subtypes
- Monoplegia
- Diplegia
- Hemiplegia
- Triplegia
- Quadriplegia
Muscle tone
Based on the tone of involved muscle cerebral palsy can be divided into
- Hypertonia
- Hypotonia
Functional Classification of Cerebral Palsy
The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) are two most commonly
Manual Ability Classification System
The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) classifies children with cerebral palsy into five levels. The levels are based on the children’s self-initiated ability to handle objects and their need for assistance or adaptation to perform manual activities in everyday life.[1]
| Does the child handle most kind of daily activities independently ( during play and leisure, eating and dressing) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Does the child handle even more difficult tasks with fair speed and accuracy and does not need alternative ways to perform | Does the child perform number of mannual tasks which commonly need to prepared or adapted and help is needed occasionally | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | No | Yes | No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 Handles objects easily and successfully | Level 2 Handles most objects with reduced quality and speed of acheivement | Level 3 Handles objects with difficulty but needs preparation | Can the child perform easy activites with frequent support | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 4 Handles easy activites with limitations and support | Level 5 Cannot handle daily activites has severely limited abilities to perform even simple actions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Motor Function Classification System
The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) also classifies children with cerebral palsy into five levels. The levels are based on self-initiated movement abilities, in particular sitting and walking.[2]
| Level | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 |
|
| 2 |
|
| 3 |
|
| 4 |
|
| 5 |
|
References
- ↑ Paulson A, Vargus-Adams J (2017). "Overview of Four Functional Classification Systems Commonly Used in Cerebral Palsy". Children (Basel). 4 (4). doi:10.3390/children4040030. PMC 5406689. PMID 28441773.
- ↑ Carnahan KD, Arner M, Hägglund G (2007). "Association between gross motor function (GMFCS) and manual ability (MACS) in children with cerebral palsy. A population-based study of 359 children". BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 8: 50. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-8-50. PMC 1919364. PMID 17584944.