Secondary adrenal insufficiency historical perspective

Adrenal insufficiency Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Xyz from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-ray
Echocardiography and Ultrasound
CT scan
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Interventions
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Secondary adrenal insufficiency historical perspective On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Secondary adrenal insufficiency historical perspective All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Secondary adrenal insufficiency historical perspective
CDC on Secondary adrenal insufficiency historical perspective
Secondary adrenal insufficiency historical perspective in the news
Blogs on Secondary adrenal insufficiency historical perspective
Directions to Hospitals Treating Psoriasis
Risk calculators and risk factors for Secondary adrenal insufficiency historical perspective

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amandeep Singh M.D.[2]

Historical Perspective

Discovery

• Suprarenal glands were discovered by Eustachius in 1563 and were named as 'Glandulae renis incumbentes'.
• Primary adrenal insufficiency was first discovered by Thomas Addison, an English physician, and scientist when he described adrenocortical atrophy in 1849 on the autopsy of the adrenal glands of patients, some of which had vitiligo.

• In 1926, Schmidt was the first to discover the association between adrenalitis and thyroiditis, called Schmidt's syndrome, which was expanded by Carpenter in 1964 to include type 1 diabetes mellitus.

• In 1956, Whittaker found an association between hypoadrenocortolism, hypothyroidism, and candidiasis.

• In 1997, AIRE gene mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of APS (autoimmune polyglandular syndrome)

Famous Cases

• 35th USA President John F. Kennedy had primary Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease).

References

Template:WikiDoc Sources