Cerebral palsy causes: Difference between revisions

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==Causes==
==Causes==
===Common Causes===
Birth asphyxia is believed to be the principal etiology for cerebral palsy. However, recent studies demonstrated that 70% to 80% of cases of cerebral palsy are due to antenatal factors, while only 10% to 28% of cases are due to birth asphyxia in term and near-term infants. Causes of cerebral palsy are often multifactorial. For example, an intrauterine infection may result in growth restriction, maternal fever, and prematurity, all of which have been associated with cerebral palsy.
[Disease name] may be caused by:
===Prenatal causes===
*[Cause1]
*Placental insufficiency
*[Cause2]
*Intrauterine infection
*[Cause3]
*Chromosomal abnormalities
*Maternal illness
**Chorioamnionitis
**Thyroid disease
**Thrombotic disorders including factor V Leiden mutations
**TORCH infections (toxoplasmosis, syphilis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster, HIV, herpes viruses)
*Multiple births
*Teratogen exposure
*Metabolic disorders
*Fetal brain malformation
===Placental pathology===
*Thrombotic lesions
*Placental ischemia has been associated with spastic diplegia
*Chronic villitis
*Pre-eclampsia
===Perinatal causes===
*Hypoxia-ischemia
*Neonatal encephalopathy
*Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)
**PVL increases the risk of cerebral palsy, independent of gestational age.
**Approximately 75% of infants with cystic PVL develop cerebral palsy.
*Fetal/neonatal stroke
*Hyperbilirubinemia
*Hemolytic disease
*Kernicterus
===Postnatal causes===
*Stroke
*Trauma
*Infection


 
{{familytree/start}}
OR
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | |A01=Cerebral palsy}}
 
{{familytree | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
 
{{familytree | | C01 | | | | | C02 | | | | | C03 |C01=Antenatal|C02=Perinatal|C03=Postnatal}}
*[Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
{{familytree | | |!| | | | | | |!| | | | | | |!| }}
*[Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].
{{familytree | | D01 | | | | | D02 | | | | | D03 |D01=Prematurity and low birth weight <br> Intrauterine infections<br>Multiple gestations<br> Pregnancy complications|D02=Birth Asphyxia<br> complicated labour and delivery |D03=Head trauma<br>Meningitis<br>Cardio-pulmonary arrest}}
 
{{familytree/end}}
===Less Common Causes===
Less common causes of [[disease name]] include:
*[Cause1]
*[Cause2]
*[Cause3]
 
===Genetic Causes===
*[Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.
 
===Causes by Organ System===
 
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|}
 
 
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.
{{columns-list|3|
* Cause 1
* Cause 2
* Cause 3
* Cause 4
* Cause 5
* Cause 6
* Cause 7
* Cause 8
* Cause 9
* Cause 10
}}


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 16:14, 5 October 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].

OR

Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].

OR

The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].

OR

The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click here.

Causes

Birth asphyxia is believed to be the principal etiology for cerebral palsy. However, recent studies demonstrated that 70% to 80% of cases of cerebral palsy are due to antenatal factors, while only 10% to 28% of cases are due to birth asphyxia in term and near-term infants. Causes of cerebral palsy are often multifactorial. For example, an intrauterine infection may result in growth restriction, maternal fever, and prematurity, all of which have been associated with cerebral palsy.

Prenatal causes

  • Placental insufficiency
  • Intrauterine infection
  • Chromosomal abnormalities
  • Maternal illness
    • Chorioamnionitis
    • Thyroid disease
    • Thrombotic disorders including factor V Leiden mutations
    • TORCH infections (toxoplasmosis, syphilis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster, HIV, herpes viruses)
  • Multiple births
  • Teratogen exposure
  • Metabolic disorders
  • Fetal brain malformation

Placental pathology

  • Thrombotic lesions
  • Placental ischemia has been associated with spastic diplegia
  • Chronic villitis
  • Pre-eclampsia

Perinatal causes

  • Hypoxia-ischemia
  • Neonatal encephalopathy
  • Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)
    • PVL increases the risk of cerebral palsy, independent of gestational age.
    • Approximately 75% of infants with cystic PVL develop cerebral palsy.
  • Fetal/neonatal stroke
  • Hyperbilirubinemia
  • Hemolytic disease
  • Kernicterus

Postnatal causes

  • Stroke
  • Trauma
  • Infection
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cerebral palsy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Antenatal
 
 
 
 
Perinatal
 
 
 
 
Postnatal
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prematurity and low birth weight
Intrauterine infections
Multiple gestations
Pregnancy complications
 
 
 
 
Birth Asphyxia
complicated labour and delivery
 
 
 
 
Head trauma
Meningitis
Cardio-pulmonary arrest

References

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