Secondary adrenal insufficiency pathophysiology

Adrenal insufficiency Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].

OR

[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.

OR

Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.

OR

[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].

OR

The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].

OR

The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

Production of cortisol- Source :NIH, https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/adrenal-insufficiency-addisons-disease

• Secondary adrenal insufficiency is caused by the processes occurring outside adrenal glands: pituitary causes, drugs, genetic causes.
• These disease processes causes the decreased production of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
• In drugs, chronic steroid therapy causes suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.

Genetics

• Secondary adrenal insufficiency is also caused by genetic disorders.
  • Combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD)
  • Proopiomelanocortin deficiency (POMC)

• POMC deficiency is transmitted in [autosomalrecessive transmission] pattern.
• Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include [gene1], [gene2], and [gene3].
• The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations.

Gross Pathology

• On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Microscopic Pathology

• On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].