Hiatus hernia classification: Difference between revisions
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Hiatus hernia may be classified into four subtypes: Type I: Sliding hernia and Type II, III, IV: Paraesophageal hernias | Hiatus hernia may be classified into four subtypes: Type I: Sliding hernia and Type II, III, IV: Paraesophageal hernias | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
*Hiatus hernia may be classified into four subtypes<ref name="pmid29083633">{{cite journal |vauthors=Watson TJ, Moritz T |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=29083633 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *Hiatus hernia may be classified into four subtypes<ref name="pmid29083633">{{cite journal |vauthors=Watson TJ, Moritz T |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=29083633 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18656819">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kahrilas PJ, Kim HC, Pandolfino JE |title=Approaches to the diagnosis and grading of hiatal hernia |journal=Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=601–16 |year=2008 |pmid=18656819 |pmc=2548324 |doi=10.1016/j.bpg.2007.12.007 |url=}}</ref> | ||
**'''Type I Sliding hernia:''' 95% of all hiatal hernias are type 1 sliding hernias. Type I Sliding hernia characterized by the displacement of the gastroesophageal (GE) junction just above the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity. | **'''Type I Sliding hernia:''' 95% of all hiatal hernias are type 1 sliding hernias. Type I Sliding hernia characterized by the displacement of the gastroesophageal (GE) junction just above the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity. | ||
**'''Type II Paraesophageal hernias:''' A paraesophageal hernia contains a hernia sac hence is a true hernia. Type II hernias are characterized by upward displacement of the gastric fundus through phrenoesophageal membrane. While the GastroEsopheageal junction remains attached to the preaortic fascia and the median arcuate ligament. | **'''Type II Paraesophageal hernias:''' A paraesophageal hernia contains a hernia sac hence is a true hernia. Type II hernias are characterized by upward displacement of the gastric fundus through phrenoesophageal membrane. While the GastroEsopheageal junction remains attached to the preaortic fascia and the median arcuate ligament. | ||
Revision as of 16:44, 6 February 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Hiatus hernia may be classified into four subtypes: Type I: Sliding hernia and Type II, III, IV: Paraesophageal hernias
Classification
- Hiatus hernia may be classified into four subtypes[1][2]
- Type I Sliding hernia: 95% of all hiatal hernias are type 1 sliding hernias. Type I Sliding hernia characterized by the displacement of the gastroesophageal (GE) junction just above the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.
- Type II Paraesophageal hernias: A paraesophageal hernia contains a hernia sac hence is a true hernia. Type II hernias are characterized by upward displacement of the gastric fundus through phrenoesophageal membrane. While the GastroEsopheageal junction remains attached to the preaortic fascia and the median arcuate ligament.
- Type III Paraesophageal hernia: A paraesophageal hernia contains a hernia sac hence is a true hernia. Type 3, is like type 1 and 2, Having a part of the stomach that has herniated through the hiatus, but also have an abnormal placement of the GastroEsophageal junction in the thoracic cavity.
- Type IV Paraesophageal hernia: A paraesophageal hernia contains a hernia sac hence is a true hernia. Associated with a large defect in the phrenoesophageal membrane it contains stomach along with other contents of colon, spleen, pancreas, or small intestine etc.