Fat embolism syndrome causes: Difference between revisions

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=== '''Common causes:''' ===
=== '''Common causes:''' ===
The common causes of fat embolism are divided into trauma-related and non-trauma related.<ref name="pmid19092320">{{cite journal| author=Stein PD, Yaekoub AY, Matta F, Kleerekoper M| title=Fat embolism syndrome. | journal=Am J Med Sci | year= 2008 | volume= 336 | issue= 6 | pages= 472-7 | pmid=19092320 | doi=10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318172f5d2 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19092320  }} </ref><ref name="pmid11167474">{{cite journal| author=Mellor A, Soni N| title=Fat embolism. | journal=Anaesthesia | year= 2001 | volume= 56 | issue= 2 | pages= 145-54 | pmid=11167474 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11167474  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19825491">{{cite journal| author=Akhtar S| title=Fat embolism. | journal=Anesthesiol Clin | year= 2009 | volume= 27 | issue= 3 | pages= 533-50, table of contents | pmid=19825491 | doi=10.1016/j.anclin.2009.07.018 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19825491  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10916460">{{cite journal| author=Nikolić S, Micić J, Savić S, Uzelac-Belovski Z| title=[Post-traumatic systemic fat embolism syndrome. Retrospective autopsy study]. | journal=Srp Arh Celok Lek | year= 2000 | volume= 128 | issue= 1-2 | pages= 24-8 | pmid=10916460 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10916460  }} </ref>
The common causes of fat embolism are divided into trauma-related and non-trauma related.<ref name="pmid19092320">{{cite journal| author=Stein PD, Yaekoub AY, Matta F, Kleerekoper M| title=Fat embolism syndrome. | journal=Am J Med Sci | year= 2008 | volume= 336 | issue= 6 | pages= 472-7 | pmid=19092320 | doi=10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318172f5d2 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19092320  }} </ref><ref name="pmid11167474">{{cite journal| author=Mellor A, Soni N| title=Fat embolism. | journal=Anaesthesia | year= 2001 | volume= 56 | issue= 2 | pages= 145-54 | pmid=11167474 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11167474  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19825491">{{cite journal| author=Akhtar S| title=Fat embolism. | journal=Anesthesiol Clin | year= 2009 | volume= 27 | issue= 3 | pages= 533-50, table of contents | pmid=19825491 | doi=10.1016/j.anclin.2009.07.018 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19825491  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10916460">{{cite journal| author=Nikolić S, Micić J, Savić S, Uzelac-Belovski Z| title=[Post-traumatic systemic fat embolism syndrome. Retrospective autopsy study]. | journal=Srp Arh Celok Lek | year= 2000 | volume= 128 | issue= 1-2 | pages= 24-8 | pmid=10916460 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10916460 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21825932">{{cite journal| author=Eriksson EA, Pellegrini DC, Vanderkolk WE, Minshall CT, Fakhry SM, Cohle SD| title=Incidence of pulmonary fat embolism at autopsy: an undiagnosed epidemic. | journal=J Trauma | year= 2011 | volume= 71 | issue= 2 | pages= 312-5 | pmid=21825932 | doi=10.1097/TA.0b013e3182208280 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21825932 }} </ref>
{| class="wikitable"
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! colspan="2" |Causes of fat embolism syndrome
! colspan="2" |Causes of fat embolism syndrome

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]

Overview

Causes

The causes of fat embolism syndrome can be divided into trauma and non-trauma related.

Common causes:

The common causes of fat embolism are divided into trauma-related and non-trauma related.[1][2][3][4][5]

Causes of fat embolism syndrome
Trauma-related causes
Orthopedic causes Non-orthopedic causes
  • Long bone fractures (especially femur)[6][7]
  • Fractures of the other marrow containing bones
  • Intraosseous infusion or access
  • Orthopedic procedures
  • Pelvic fractures
  • Burns
  • Chest compressions with or without rib fracture
  • Bone marrow harvesting and transplant
  • Fat grafting
  • Liposuction
  • Soft tissue injury

Less common causes:

Rare causes of fat embolism syndrome are as follows:

Non-trauma related rare causes
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Sickle cell disease
  • Osteonecrosis
  • Bone tumor lysis
  • Metastases from fatty tumors
  • Osteomylelitis
  • Bone marrow necrosis
  • Cardiopulmonary bypass
  • Panniculitis

References

  1. ↑ Stein PD, Yaekoub AY, Matta F, Kleerekoper M (2008). "Fat embolism syndrome". Am J Med Sci. 336 (6): 472–7. doi:10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318172f5d2. PMID 19092320.
  2. ↑ Mellor A, Soni N (2001). "Fat embolism". Anaesthesia. 56 (2): 145–54. PMID 11167474.
  3. ↑ Akhtar S (2009). "Fat embolism". Anesthesiol Clin. 27 (3): 533–50, table of contents. doi:10.1016/j.anclin.2009.07.018. PMID 19825491.
  4. ↑ Nikolić S, Micić J, Savić S, Uzelac-Belovski Z (2000). "[Post-traumatic systemic fat embolism syndrome. Retrospective autopsy study]". Srp Arh Celok Lek. 128 (1–2): 24–8. PMID 10916460.
  5. ↑ Eriksson EA, Pellegrini DC, Vanderkolk WE, Minshall CT, Fakhry SM, Cohle SD (2011). "Incidence of pulmonary fat embolism at autopsy: an undiagnosed epidemic". J Trauma. 71 (2): 312–5. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e3182208280. PMID 21825932.
  6. ↑ Nikolić S, Micić J, Savić S, Uzelac-Belovski Z (2000). "[Post-traumatic pulmonary and systemic fat embolism in forensic practice. Prospective histological study]". Srp Arh Celok Lek. 128 (3–4): 90–3. PMID 10932616.
  7. ↑ Bracco D, Favre JB, Joris R, Ravussin A (2000). "Fatal fat embolism syndrome: a case report". J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 12 (3): 221–4. PMID 10905570.
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