Fat embolism syndrome causes: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{FT}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{FT}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
The causes of fat embolism syndrome can be divided into trauma and non-trauma related.


==Causes==
==Causes==
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* Long bone fractures (especially femur)<ref name="pmid10932616">{{cite journal| author=Nikolić S, Micić J, Savić S, Uzelac-Belovski Z| title=[Post-traumatic pulmonary and systemic fat embolism in forensic practice. Prospective histological study]. | journal=Srp Arh Celok Lek | year= 2000 | volume= 128 | issue= 3-4 | pages= 90-3 | pmid=10932616 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10932616  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10905570">{{cite journal| author=Bracco D, Favre JB, Joris R, Ravussin A| title=Fatal fat embolism syndrome: a case report. | journal=J Neurosurg Anesthesiol | year= 2000 | volume= 12 | issue= 3 | pages= 221-4 | pmid=10905570 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10905570  }} </ref>
* Long bone [[Bone fracture|fractures]] (especially femur)<ref name="pmid10932616">{{cite journal| author=Nikolić S, Micić J, Savić S, Uzelac-Belovski Z| title=[Post-traumatic pulmonary and systemic fat embolism in forensic practice. Prospective histological study]. | journal=Srp Arh Celok Lek | year= 2000 | volume= 128 | issue= 3-4 | pages= 90-3 | pmid=10932616 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10932616  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10905570">{{cite journal| author=Bracco D, Favre JB, Joris R, Ravussin A| title=Fatal fat embolism syndrome: a case report. | journal=J Neurosurg Anesthesiol | year= 2000 | volume= 12 | issue= 3 | pages= 221-4 | pmid=10905570 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10905570  }} </ref>
* Fractures of the other marrow containing bones
* Fractures of the other marrow containing bones
* Intraosseous infusion or access
* [[Intraosseous infusion|Intraosseous]] infusion or access
* Orthopedic procedures
* Orthopedic procedures
* Pelvic fractures
* [[Pelvis|Pelvic]] fractures
* Lung transplantation<ref name="pmid19888997">{{cite journal| author=López-Sánchez M, Alvarez-Antoñán C, Arce-Mateos FP, Gómez-Román J, Quesada-Suescun A, Zurbano-Goñi F| title=Single lung transplantation and fatal fat embolism acquired from the donor: management and literature review. | journal=Clin Transplant | year= 2010 | volume= 24 | issue= 1 | pages= 133-8 | pmid=19888997 | doi=10.1111/j.1399-0012.2009.01131.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19888997  }} </ref>
* Lung [[Organ transplant|transplantation]]<ref name="pmid19888997">{{cite journal| author=López-Sánchez M, Alvarez-Antoñán C, Arce-Mateos FP, Gómez-Román J, Quesada-Suescun A, Zurbano-Goñi F| title=Single lung transplantation and fatal fat embolism acquired from the donor: management and literature review. | journal=Clin Transplant | year= 2010 | volume= 24 | issue= 1 | pages= 133-8 | pmid=19888997 | doi=10.1111/j.1399-0012.2009.01131.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19888997  }} </ref>
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* Burns
* [[Burn|Burns]]
* Chest compressions with or without rib fracture
* Chest compressions with or without rib fracture
* Bone marrow harvesting and transplant<ref name="pmid1873595">{{cite journal| author=Baselga J, Reich L, Doherty M, Gulati S| title=Fat embolism syndrome following bone marrow harvesting. | journal=Bone Marrow Transplant | year= 1991 | volume= 7 | issue= 6 | pages= 485-6 | pmid=1873595 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1873595  }} </ref>
* [[Bone marrow]] harvesting and transplant<ref name="pmid1873595">{{cite journal| author=Baselga J, Reich L, Doherty M, Gulati S| title=Fat embolism syndrome following bone marrow harvesting. | journal=Bone Marrow Transplant | year= 1991 | volume= 7 | issue= 6 | pages= 485-6 | pmid=1873595 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1873595  }} </ref>
* Fat grafting
* Fat [[grafting]]
* Liposuction
* [[Liposuction]]
* Soft tissue injury<ref name="pmid10780606">{{cite journal| author=Mudd KL, Hunt A, Matherly RC, Goldsmith LJ, Campbell FR, Nichols GR et al.| title=Analysis of pulmonary fat embolism in blunt force fatalities. | journal=J Trauma | year= 2000 | volume= 48 | issue= 4 | pages= 711-5 | pmid=10780606 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10780606  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25651164">{{cite journal| author=Li S, Zou D, Qin Z, Liu N, Zhang J, Li Z et al.| title=Nonfracture-associated pulmonary fat embolism after blunt force fatality: case report and review of the literature. | journal=Am J Forensic Med Pathol | year= 2015 | volume= 36 | issue= 2 | pages= 61-5 | pmid=25651164 | doi=10.1097/PAF.0000000000000142 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25651164  }} </ref>
* [[Soft tissue]] injury<ref name="pmid10780606">{{cite journal| author=Mudd KL, Hunt A, Matherly RC, Goldsmith LJ, Campbell FR, Nichols GR et al.| title=Analysis of pulmonary fat embolism in blunt force fatalities. | journal=J Trauma | year= 2000 | volume= 48 | issue= 4 | pages= 711-5 | pmid=10780606 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10780606  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25651164">{{cite journal| author=Li S, Zou D, Qin Z, Liu N, Zhang J, Li Z et al.| title=Nonfracture-associated pulmonary fat embolism after blunt force fatality: case report and review of the literature. | journal=Am J Forensic Med Pathol | year= 2015 | volume= 36 | issue= 2 | pages= 61-5 | pmid=25651164 | doi=10.1097/PAF.0000000000000142 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25651164  }} </ref>
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* Diabetes mellitus
* [[Diabetes]] mellitus
* Sickle cell disease<ref name="pmid10071678">{{cite journal| author=Eckardt P, Raez LE, Restrepo A, Temple JD| title=Pulmonary bone marrow embolism in sickle cell disease. | journal=South Med J | year= 1999 | volume= 92 | issue= 2 | pages= 245-7 | pmid=10071678 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10071678  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9646854">{{cite journal| author=Ballas SK, Pindzola A, Chang CD, Rubin R, Weibel SB, Manci E| title=Postmortem diagnosis of hemoglobin SC disease complicated by fat embolism. | journal=Ann Clin Lab Sci | year= 1998 | volume= 28 | issue= 3 | pages= 144-9 | pmid=9646854 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9646854  }} </ref><ref name="pmid2305755">{{cite journal| author=Garza JA| title=Massive fat and necrotic bone marrow embolization in a previously undiagnosed patient with sickle cell disease. | journal=Am J Forensic Med Pathol | year= 1990 | volume= 11 | issue= 1 | pages= 83-8 | pmid=2305755 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2305755  }} </ref>
* [[Sickle-cell disease|Sickle]] cell disease<ref name="pmid10071678">{{cite journal| author=Eckardt P, Raez LE, Restrepo A, Temple JD| title=Pulmonary bone marrow embolism in sickle cell disease. | journal=South Med J | year= 1999 | volume= 92 | issue= 2 | pages= 245-7 | pmid=10071678 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10071678  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9646854">{{cite journal| author=Ballas SK, Pindzola A, Chang CD, Rubin R, Weibel SB, Manci E| title=Postmortem diagnosis of hemoglobin SC disease complicated by fat embolism. | journal=Ann Clin Lab Sci | year= 1998 | volume= 28 | issue= 3 | pages= 144-9 | pmid=9646854 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9646854  }} </ref><ref name="pmid2305755">{{cite journal| author=Garza JA| title=Massive fat and necrotic bone marrow embolization in a previously undiagnosed patient with sickle cell disease. | journal=Am J Forensic Med Pathol | year= 1990 | volume= 11 | issue= 1 | pages= 83-8 | pmid=2305755 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2305755  }} </ref>
* Osteonecrosis
* Osteonecrosis
* Bone tumor lysis
* Bone tumor lysis
* Metastases from fatty tumors
* [[Metastasis|Metastases]] from fatty tumors
* Osteomylelitis
* Osteomyeilitis
* Bone marrow necrosis
* Bone marrow [[necrosis]]
* Cardiopulmonary bypass
* Cardiopulmonary bypass
* Panniculitis
* [[Panniculitis]]
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Revision as of 22:14, 7 March 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]

Overview

The causes of fat embolism syndrome can be divided into trauma and non-trauma related.

Causes

The causes of fat embolism syndrome can be divided into trauma and non-trauma related.

Common causes:

The common causes of fat embolism are divided into trauma-related and non-trauma related.[1][2][3][4][5]

Causes of fat embolism syndrome
Trauma-related causes
Orthopedic causes Non-orthopedic causes

Less common causes:

Rare causes of fat embolism syndrome are as follows:[12][13][14]

Non-trauma related rare causes

References

  1. ↑ Stein PD, Yaekoub AY, Matta F, Kleerekoper M (2008). "Fat embolism syndrome". Am J Med Sci. 336 (6): 472–7. doi:10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318172f5d2. PMID 19092320.
  2. ↑ Mellor A, Soni N (2001). "Fat embolism". Anaesthesia. 56 (2): 145–54. PMID 11167474.
  3. ↑ Akhtar S (2009). "Fat embolism". Anesthesiol Clin. 27 (3): 533–50, table of contents. doi:10.1016/j.anclin.2009.07.018. PMID 19825491.
  4. ↑ Nikolić S, Micić J, Savić S, Uzelac-Belovski Z (2000). "[Post-traumatic systemic fat embolism syndrome. Retrospective autopsy study]". Srp Arh Celok Lek. 128 (1–2): 24–8. PMID 10916460.
  5. ↑ Eriksson EA, Pellegrini DC, Vanderkolk WE, Minshall CT, Fakhry SM, Cohle SD (2011). "Incidence of pulmonary fat embolism at autopsy: an undiagnosed epidemic". J Trauma. 71 (2): 312–5. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e3182208280. PMID 21825932.
  6. ↑ Nikolić S, Micić J, Savić S, Uzelac-Belovski Z (2000). "[Post-traumatic pulmonary and systemic fat embolism in forensic practice. Prospective histological study]". Srp Arh Celok Lek. 128 (3–4): 90–3. PMID 10932616.
  7. ↑ Bracco D, Favre JB, Joris R, Ravussin A (2000). "Fatal fat embolism syndrome: a case report". J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 12 (3): 221–4. PMID 10905570.
  8. ↑ López-Sánchez M, Alvarez-Antoñán C, Arce-Mateos FP, Gómez-Román J, Quesada-Suescun A, Zurbano-Goñi F (2010). "Single lung transplantation and fatal fat embolism acquired from the donor: management and literature review". Clin Transplant. 24 (1): 133–8. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0012.2009.01131.x. PMID 19888997.
  9. ↑ Baselga J, Reich L, Doherty M, Gulati S (1991). "Fat embolism syndrome following bone marrow harvesting". Bone Marrow Transplant. 7 (6): 485–6. PMID 1873595.
  10. ↑ Mudd KL, Hunt A, Matherly RC, Goldsmith LJ, Campbell FR, Nichols GR; et al. (2000). "Analysis of pulmonary fat embolism in blunt force fatalities". J Trauma. 48 (4): 711–5. PMID 10780606.
  11. ↑ Li S, Zou D, Qin Z, Liu N, Zhang J, Li Z; et al. (2015). "Nonfracture-associated pulmonary fat embolism after blunt force fatality: case report and review of the literature". Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 36 (2): 61–5. doi:10.1097/PAF.0000000000000142. PMID 25651164.
  12. ↑ Hjort M, Hoegberg LC, Almind M, Jansen T (2015). "Subacute fat-embolism-like syndrome following high-volume intramuscular and accidental intravascular injection of mineral oil". Clin Toxicol (Phila). 53 (4): 230–2. doi:10.3109/15563650.2015.1013195. PMID 25684399.
  13. ↑ Al-Shaer DS, Ayoub O, Ahamed NA, Al-Hibshi AM, Baeesa SS (2016). "Cerebral fat embolism syndrome following total knee replacement causing a devastating neurocognitive sequelae". Neurosciences (Riyadh). 21 (3): 271–4. doi:10.17712/nsj.2016.3.20150716. PMC 5107298. PMID 27356663.
  14. ↑ Ahmadzai H, Campbell S, Archis C, Clark WA (2014). "Fat embolism syndrome following percutaneous vertebroplasty: a case report". Spine J. 14 (4): e1–5. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2013.09.021. PMID 24314905.
  15. ↑ Eckardt P, Raez LE, Restrepo A, Temple JD (1999). "Pulmonary bone marrow embolism in sickle cell disease". South Med J. 92 (2): 245–7. PMID 10071678.
  16. ↑ Ballas SK, Pindzola A, Chang CD, Rubin R, Weibel SB, Manci E (1998). "Postmortem diagnosis of hemoglobin SC disease complicated by fat embolism". Ann Clin Lab Sci. 28 (3): 144–9. PMID 9646854.
  17. ↑ Garza JA (1990). "Massive fat and necrotic bone marrow embolization in a previously undiagnosed patient with sickle cell disease". Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 11 (1): 83–8. PMID 2305755.
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