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[[Aplastic anemia]] is seen as a result of hypoplastic bone marrow causing [[pancytopenia]] ([[anemia]], [[neutropenia]], [[thrombocytopenia]]). The history and symptoms seen are secondary to these abnormalities. | [[Aplastic anemia]] is seen as a result of hypoplastic bone marrow causing [[pancytopenia]] ([[anemia]], [[neutropenia]], [[thrombocytopenia]]). The history and symptoms seen are secondary to these abnormalities. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
The hallmark of aplastic anemia is past history of anemia (shortness of breath, [[dizziness]], [[headache]]s, or other signs and symptoms of [[anemia]]), exposure to certain toxins or medicines, [[radiation]] or [[chemotherapy]], infections or signs of [[infection]]s, such as [[fever]], [[bruises]] or tendency to [[bleed]] easily. Family history of [[anemia]] or other [[blood]] disorders should also be sought. | |||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
Decrease numbers of [[red blood cell]]s, [[white blood cell]]s, and [[platelet]]s cause most of the signs and symptoms of aplastic anemia. | |||
===Red Blood Cells=== | ===Red Blood Cells=== | ||
* [[Fatigue]] | * [[Fatigue]] | ||
* [[Shortness of breath]] | * [[Shortness of breath]] | ||
* [[Dizziness]] | * [[Dizziness]] | ||
* [[Headaches]] | * [[Headaches]] | ||
* Coldness in hands or feet | * Coldness in hands or feet | ||
| Line 21: | Line 21: | ||
White blood cells help fight infections. Symptoms of a low white blood cell count include | White blood cells help fight infections. Symptoms of a low white blood cell count include | ||
* [[Fever]] | * [[Fever]] | ||
* Frequent infections | * Frequent infections | ||
* Flu-like illnesses | * Flu-like illnesses | ||
===Platelets=== | ===Platelets=== | ||
* | * [[bruise|Bruises]] | ||
* [[bleed|Bleeding]] | |||
* Common types of bleeding associated with a low [[platelet count]] include nosebleeds, bleeding gums, pinpoint red spots on the [[skin]], and [[blood]] in the [[stool]]. | * Common types of bleeding associated with a low [[platelet count]] include nosebleeds, bleeding gums, pinpoint red spots on the [[skin]], and [[blood]] in the [[stool]]. | ||
* | * Heavy menstrual bleeding. | ||
===Other Symptoms=== | ===Other Symptoms=== | ||
Aplastic anemia can cause signs and symptoms that aren't directly related to low blood cell counts. Examples include | Aplastic anemia can cause signs and symptoms that aren't directly related to low blood cell counts. Examples include | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.D. [2]
Overview
Aplastic anemia is seen as a result of hypoplastic bone marrow causing pancytopenia (anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia). The history and symptoms seen are secondary to these abnormalities.
History
The hallmark of aplastic anemia is past history of anemia (shortness of breath, dizziness, headaches, or other signs and symptoms of anemia), exposure to certain toxins or medicines, radiation or chemotherapy, infections or signs of infections, such as fever, bruises or tendency to bleed easily. Family history of anemia or other blood disorders should also be sought.
Symptoms
Decrease numbers of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets cause most of the signs and symptoms of aplastic anemia.
Red Blood Cells
- Fatigue
- Shortness of breath
- Dizziness
- Headaches
- Coldness in hands or feet
- Pale skin
- Chest pain
- Irregular heartbeats
- symptoms suggestive of heart failure (edema, abdominal distension)
White Blood Cells
White blood cells help fight infections. Symptoms of a low white blood cell count include
- Fever
- Frequent infections
- Flu-like illnesses
Platelets
- Bruises
- Bleeding
- Common types of bleeding associated with a low platelet count include nosebleeds, bleeding gums, pinpoint red spots on the skin, and blood in the stool.
- Heavy menstrual bleeding.
Other Symptoms
Aplastic anemia can cause signs and symptoms that aren't directly related to low blood cell counts. Examples include
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
- Some people who have aplastic anemia have a red blood cell disorder called paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, or PNH. Most people who have PNH don't have any signs or symptoms.
If symptoms do occur, they may include:
- Shortness of breath
- Swelling or pain in the abdomen or swelling in the legs caused by blood clots
- Blood in the urine
- Headaches
- Jaundice
In people who have aplastic anemia and PNH, either condition can develop first.
Diagnosis and management of aplastic anemia [1] (DONOT EDIT)
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Diagnosis and Evaluation of aplastic anemia
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References
- ↑ Marsh JC, Ball SE, Cavenagh J, Darbyshire P, Dokal I, Gordon-Smith EC; et al. (2009). "Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of aplastic anaemia". Br J Haematol. 147 (1): 43–70. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07842.x. PMID 19673883.