Hypopharyngeal cancer natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{G.D.}}, {{Faizan}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{G.D.}}, {{Faizan}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The majority of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer are initially asymptomatic. Most patients with hypopharyngeal cancer clinically manisfest symptoms at late stage (III and IV) because of the tumor aggression which metastasizes to lymph nodes and submucosa. Once the [[tumor]] has expanded from its site of origin, it may obstruct the aerodigestive tract. Most common clinical presentations are neck mass, dysphagia with weight loss, non healing sore throat, odynophagia,and hoarseness. Common complications of hypopharyngeal cancer include upper [[airway obstruction]] and disfigurement of the neck or face. The prognosis varies with the type of hypopharyngeal cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma of hypopharynx has poor prognosis and small survival rate. | The majority of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer are initially [[asymptomatic]]. Most patients with hypopharyngeal cancer clinically manisfest [[symptoms]] at late stage (III and IV) because of the [[tumor]] aggression which [[Metastasis|metastasizes]] to [[lymph nodes]] and [[submucosa]]. Once the [[tumor]] has expanded from its site of [[origin]], it may obstruct the [[Digestive|aerodigestive]] [[tract]]. Most common clinical presentations are [[neck]] [[mass]], [[dysphagia]] with [[weight loss]], non healing [[sore throat]], [[odynophagia]], and [[hoarseness]]. Common complications of hypopharyngeal cancer include upper [[airway obstruction]] and disfigurement of the [[neck]] or [[face]]. The [[prognosis]] varies with the type of hypopharyngeal cancer. [[Squamous]] [[cell]] [[carcinoma]] of [[hypopharynx]] has poor [[prognosis]] and small [[survival rate]]. | ||
==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis== | ==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis== | ||
===Natural History=== | ===Natural History=== | ||
*The majority of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer are initially asymptomatic<ref name="PracyLoughran2016">{{cite journal|last1=Pracy|first1=P|last2=Loughran|first2=S|last3=Good|first3=J|last4=Parmar|first4=S|last5=Goranova|first5=R|title=Hypopharyngeal cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines|journal=The Journal of Laryngology & Otology|volume=130|issue=S2|year=2016|pages=S104–S110|issn=0022-2151|doi=10.1017/S0022215116000529}}</ref> | *The majority of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer are initially [[asymptomatic]]<ref name="PracyLoughran2016">{{cite journal|last1=Pracy|first1=P|last2=Loughran|first2=S|last3=Good|first3=J|last4=Parmar|first4=S|last5=Goranova|first5=R|title=Hypopharyngeal cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines|journal=The Journal of Laryngology & Otology|volume=130|issue=S2|year=2016|pages=S104–S110|issn=0022-2151|doi=10.1017/S0022215116000529}}</ref> | ||
*Most patients with hypopharyngeal cancer manifest symptoms at a late stage<ref name="ZbarenBecker1997">{{cite journal|last1=Zbaren|first1=P.|last2=Becker|first2=M.|last3=Lang|first3=H.|title=Pretherapeutic Staging of Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma: Clinical Findings, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Compared With Histopathologic Evaluation|journal=Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery|volume=123|issue=9|year=1997|pages=908–913|issn=0886-4470|doi=10.1001/archotol.1997.01900090016003}}</ref> | *Most patients with hypopharyngeal cancer manifest [[symptoms]] at a late stage<ref name="ZbarenBecker1997">{{cite journal|last1=Zbaren|first1=P.|last2=Becker|first2=M.|last3=Lang|first3=H.|title=Pretherapeutic Staging of Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma: Clinical Findings, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Compared With Histopathologic Evaluation|journal=Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery|volume=123|issue=9|year=1997|pages=908–913|issn=0886-4470|doi=10.1001/archotol.1997.01900090016003}}</ref> | ||
*About more than 50% of patients have neck mass. | *About more than 50% of patients have [[neck]] [[mass]]. | ||
*Once the [[tumor]] has expanded from its site of origin, it may obstruct the aerodigestive passages. | *Once the [[tumor]] has expanded from its site of [[origin]], it may obstruct the [[Digestive|aerodigestive]] passages. | ||
*The majority of patients with Hypopharyngeal cancer may develop distant metastasis to | *The majority of patients with Hypopharyngeal cancer may develop distant [[metastasis]] to [[lungs]], [[mediastinum]], [[bones]], [[esophagus]], and [[thyroid gland]]. | ||
===Complications=== | ===Complications=== | ||
| Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
* [[Airway obstruction]] | * [[Airway obstruction]] | ||
* Disfigurement of the neck or face | * Disfigurement of the [[neck]] or [[face]] | ||
* [[Hoarseness]] and speaking difficulties | * [[Hoarseness]] and speaking difficulties | ||
* [[Metastasis]] | * [[Metastasis]] | ||
===Prognosis=== | ===Prognosis=== | ||
The prognosis of hypopharyngeal cancer depends on the age, tumor location, risk factors,and the stage<ref name="pmid12560383">{{cite journal |vauthors=Helliwell TR |title=acp Best Practice No 169. Evidence based pathology: squamous carcinoma of the hypopharynx |journal=J. Clin. Pathol. |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=81–5 |date=February 2003 |pmid=12560383 |pmc=1769882 |doi= |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid20925962">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chang MF, Wang HM, Kang CJ, Huang SF, Lin CY, Fang KH, Chen EY, Chen IH, Liao CT, Chang JT |title=Treatment results for hypopharyngeal cancer by different treatment strategies and its secondary primary--an experience in Taiwan |journal=Radiat Oncol |volume=5 |issue= |pages=91 |date=October 2010 |pmid=20925962 |pmc=2958972 |doi=10.1186/1748-717X-5-91 |url=}}</ref> | The [[prognosis]] of hypopharyngeal cancer depends on the [[age]], [[tumor]] location, [[risk factors]], and the stage<ref name="pmid12560383">{{cite journal |vauthors=Helliwell TR |title=acp Best Practice No 169. Evidence based pathology: squamous carcinoma of the hypopharynx |journal=J. Clin. Pathol. |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=81–5 |date=February 2003 |pmid=12560383 |pmc=1769882 |doi= |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid20925962">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chang MF, Wang HM, Kang CJ, Huang SF, Lin CY, Fang KH, Chen EY, Chen IH, Liao CT, Chang JT |title=Treatment results for hypopharyngeal cancer by different treatment strategies and its secondary primary--an experience in Taiwan |journal=Radiat Oncol |volume=5 |issue= |pages=91 |date=October 2010 |pmid=20925962 |pmc=2958972 |doi=10.1186/1748-717X-5-91 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Prognosis of hypopharyngeal cancer is worse than most of the head and neck cancers. | *[[Prognosis]] of hypopharyngeal cancer is worse than most of the [[head]] and [[neck]] [[cancers]]. | ||
*Prognosis of hypopharyngeal cancer is usually poor. | *[[Prognosis]] of hypopharyngeal cancer is usually poor. | ||
Based on staging, the 5-year survival rate of hypopharyngeal cancer is as follows:<ref name="pmid20925962">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chang MF, Wang HM, Kang CJ, Huang SF, Lin CY, Fang KH, Chen EY, Chen IH, Liao CT, Chang JT |title=Treatment results for hypopharyngeal cancer by different treatment strategies and its secondary primary--an experience in Taiwan |journal=Radiat Oncol |volume=5 |issue= |pages=91 |date=October 2010 |pmid=20925962 |pmc=2958972 |doi=10.1186/1748-717X-5-91 |url=}}</ref> | Based on staging, the 5-year [[survival rate]] of hypopharyngeal cancer is as follows:<ref name="pmid20925962">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chang MF, Wang HM, Kang CJ, Huang SF, Lin CY, Fang KH, Chen EY, Chen IH, Liao CT, Chang JT |title=Treatment results for hypopharyngeal cancer by different treatment strategies and its secondary primary--an experience in Taiwan |journal=Radiat Oncol |volume=5 |issue= |pages=91 |date=October 2010 |pmid=20925962 |pmc=2958972 |doi=10.1186/1748-717X-5-91 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Overall 5 year survival rate is 24.8% | *Overall 5 year [[survival rate]] is 24.8% | ||
*Stage I-II has a 49.5% 5-year survival rate | *Stage I-II has a 49.5% 5-year [[survival rate]] | ||
*Stage III has a 47.4% 5-year survival rate | *Stage III has a 47.4% 5-year [[survival rate]] | ||
*Stage IV has a 18.6% 5-year survival rate | *Stage IV has a 18.6% 5-year [[survival rate]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Gertrude Djouka, M.D.[2], Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [3]
Overview
The majority of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer are initially asymptomatic. Most patients with hypopharyngeal cancer clinically manisfest symptoms at late stage (III and IV) because of the tumor aggression which metastasizes to lymph nodes and submucosa. Once the tumor has expanded from its site of origin, it may obstruct the aerodigestive tract. Most common clinical presentations are neck mass, dysphagia with weight loss, non healing sore throat, odynophagia, and hoarseness. Common complications of hypopharyngeal cancer include upper airway obstruction and disfigurement of the neck or face. The prognosis varies with the type of hypopharyngeal cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma of hypopharynx has poor prognosis and small survival rate.
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Natural History
- The majority of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer are initially asymptomatic[1]
- Most patients with hypopharyngeal cancer manifest symptoms at a late stage[2]
- About more than 50% of patients have neck mass.
- Once the tumor has expanded from its site of origin, it may obstruct the aerodigestive passages.
- The majority of patients with Hypopharyngeal cancer may develop distant metastasis to lungs, mediastinum, bones, esophagus, and thyroid gland.
Complications
Common complications of hypopharyngeal cancer include:[1]
- Airway obstruction
- Disfigurement of the neck or face
- Hoarseness and speaking difficulties
- Metastasis
Prognosis
The prognosis of hypopharyngeal cancer depends on the age, tumor location, risk factors, and the stage[3] [4]
- Prognosis of hypopharyngeal cancer is worse than most of the head and neck cancers.
- Prognosis of hypopharyngeal cancer is usually poor.
Based on staging, the 5-year survival rate of hypopharyngeal cancer is as follows:[4]
- Overall 5 year survival rate is 24.8%
- Stage I-II has a 49.5% 5-year survival rate
- Stage III has a 47.4% 5-year survival rate
- Stage IV has a 18.6% 5-year survival rate
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pracy, P; Loughran, S; Good, J; Parmar, S; Goranova, R (2016). "Hypopharyngeal cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines". The Journal of Laryngology & Otology. 130 (S2): S104–S110. doi:10.1017/S0022215116000529. ISSN 0022-2151.
- ↑ Zbaren, P.; Becker, M.; Lang, H. (1997). "Pretherapeutic Staging of Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma: Clinical Findings, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Compared With Histopathologic Evaluation". Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 123 (9): 908–913. doi:10.1001/archotol.1997.01900090016003. ISSN 0886-4470.
- ↑ Helliwell TR (February 2003). "acp Best Practice No 169. Evidence based pathology: squamous carcinoma of the hypopharynx". J. Clin. Pathol. 56 (2): 81–5. PMC 1769882. PMID 12560383.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Chang MF, Wang HM, Kang CJ, Huang SF, Lin CY, Fang KH, Chen EY, Chen IH, Liao CT, Chang JT (October 2010). "Treatment results for hypopharyngeal cancer by different treatment strategies and its secondary primary--an experience in Taiwan". Radiat Oncol. 5: 91. doi:10.1186/1748-717X-5-91. PMC 2958972. PMID 20925962.