Endometrial hyperplasia risk factors: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Endometrial hyperplasia}} | {{Endometrial hyperplasia}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{STM}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Badria}} , {{STM}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of endometrial hyperplasia include age>35 years, white race, [[nulliparity]], late [[menopause]], early menarche, [[tamoxifen]] therapy, [[obesity]], [[Lynch syndrome]], history of [[diabetes]], [[gallbladder]] disease, or [[thyroid]] disease, and family history of ovarian, colon, or uterine cancers. | Common risk factors in the development of endometrial hyperplasia include age>35 years, white race, [[nulliparity]], late [[menopause]], early menarche, [[tamoxifen]] therapy, [[obesity]], [[Lynch syndrome]], history of [[diabetes]], [[gallbladder]] disease, or [[thyroid]] disease, and family history of ovarian, colon, or uterine cancers. | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
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**Family history of ovarian, colon, or uterine cancer | **Family history of ovarian, colon, or uterine cancer | ||
**[[Lynch syndrome]] | **[[Lynch syndrome]] | ||
<ref name="AmantMoerman2005">{{cite journal|last1=Amant|first1=Frederic|last2=Moerman|first2=Philippe|last3=Neven|first3=Patrick|last4=Timmerman|first4=Dirk|last5=Van Limbergen|first5=Erik|last6=Vergote|first6=Ignace|title=Endometrial cancer|journal=The Lancet|volume=366|issue=9484|year=2005|pages=491–505|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67063-8}}</ref> might also be expected to be more associated with AH, the presumed precursor lesion, than with CH or SH, whose progression risks are lower. Data on risk factors for EH are limited, in part because the currently published studies seemed to use different case definitions, including all types of EH [25]<ref name="pmid8736077">{{cite journal |vauthors=Baanders-van Halewyn EA, Blankenstein MA, Thijssen JH, de Ridder CM, de Waard F |title=A comparative study of risk factors for hyperplasia and cancer of the endometrium |journal=Eur. J. Cancer Prev. |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=105–12 |date=April 1996 |pmid=8736077 |doi= |url=}}</ref>, [26]<ref name="KreigerMarrett1986">{{cite journal|last1=Kreiger|first1=Nancy|last2=Marrett|first2=Loraine D.|last3=Clarke|first3=E. Aileen|last4=Hilditch|first4=Shelly|last5=Woolever|first5=C. Allan|title=RISK FACTORS FOR ADENOMATOUS ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY|journal=American Journal of Epidemiology|volume=123|issue=2|year=1986|pages=291–301|issn=1476-6256|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114237}}</ref>, EH plus carcinoma [27], [28], or certain subtypes of EH [29], [30], [31]. These case groups have been primarily compared with controls without EH [25], [26], [27], [29], [30], [31], although one study compared EH types with each other [32]. Published studies have explored high body mass index [25], [26], [27<ref name="FarquharLethaby1999">{{cite journal|last1=Farquhar|first1=C.M.|last2=Lethaby|first2=A.|last3=Sowter|first3=M.|last4=Verry|first4=J.|last5=Baranyai|first5=J.|title=An evaluation of risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia in premenopausal women with abnormal menstrual bleeding|journal=American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology|volume=181|issue=3|year=1999|pages=525–529|issn=00029378|doi=10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70487-4}}</ref>], [28], [29], [30], [31], menopausal hormone therapy [25], [26], [31], diabetes [28], family history of colorectal or endometrial cancer [27], parity [26], [27], [28<ref name="Weber1999">{{cite journal|last1=Weber|first1=A|title=Risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia and cancer among women with abnormal bleeding|journal=Obstetrics & Gynecology|volume=93|issue=4|year=1999|pages=594–598|issn=00297844|doi=10.1016/S0029-7844(98)00469-4}}</ref>], [29<ref name="EppleinReed2008">{{cite journal|last1=Epplein|first1=M.|last2=Reed|first2=S. D.|last3=Voigt|first3=L. F.|last4=Newton|first4=K. M.|last5=Holt|first5=V. L.|last6=Weiss|first6=N. S.|title=Risk of Complex and Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia in Relation to Anthropometric Measures and Reproductive History|journal=American Journal of Epidemiology|volume=168|issue=6|year=2008|pages=563–570|issn=0002-9262|doi=10.1093/aje/kwn168}}</ref> | |||
], [30<ref name="GredmarkKvint1999">{{cite journal|last1=Gredmark|first1=Thomas|last2=Kvint|first2=Sonja|last3=Havel|first3=Guillaume|last4=Mattsson|first4=Lars-Åke|title=Adipose Tissue Distribution in Postmenopausal Women with Adenomatous Hyperplasia of the Endometrium|journal=Gynecologic Oncology|volume=72|issue=2|year=1999|pages=138–142|issn=00908258|doi=10.1006/gyno.1998.5252}}</ref>], and smoking [31]. The overall data are somewhat inconsistent with the data for endometrial carcinoma, and nothing has yet emerged that could be used to identify AH patients based on risk-factor profiles. | ], [30<ref name="GredmarkKvint1999">{{cite journal|last1=Gredmark|first1=Thomas|last2=Kvint|first2=Sonja|last3=Havel|first3=Guillaume|last4=Mattsson|first4=Lars-Åke|title=Adipose Tissue Distribution in Postmenopausal Women with Adenomatous Hyperplasia of the Endometrium|journal=Gynecologic Oncology|volume=72|issue=2|year=1999|pages=138–142|issn=00908258|doi=10.1006/gyno.1998.5252}}</ref>], and smoking [31]. The overall data are somewhat inconsistent with the data for endometrial carcinoma, and nothing has yet emerged that could be used to identify AH patients based on risk-factor profiles. | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Badria Munir M.B.B.S.[2] , Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [3]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of endometrial hyperplasia include age>35 years, white race, nulliparity, late menopause, early menarche, tamoxifen therapy, obesity, Lynch syndrome, history of diabetes, gallbladder disease, or thyroid disease, and family history of ovarian, colon, or uterine cancers.
Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of endometrial hyperplasia include the following:[1]
- Age (>than 35 years)
- White race
- Nulliparity
- Late menopause (age > 55)
- Early menarche
- History of diabetes mellitus, gallbladder disease, or thyroid disease
- Obesity
- Tamoxifen therapy
- Family history of ovarian, colon, or uterine cancer
- Lynch syndrome
[2] might also be expected to be more associated with AH, the presumed precursor lesion, than with CH or SH, whose progression risks are lower. Data on risk factors for EH are limited, in part because the currently published studies seemed to use different case definitions, including all types of EH [25][3], [26][4], EH plus carcinoma [27], [28], or certain subtypes of EH [29], [30], [31]. These case groups have been primarily compared with controls without EH [25], [26], [27], [29], [30], [31], although one study compared EH types with each other [32]. Published studies have explored high body mass index [25], [26], [27[5]], [28], [29], [30], [31], menopausal hormone therapy [25], [26], [31], diabetes [28], family history of colorectal or endometrial cancer [27], parity [26], [27], [28[6]], [29[7] ], [30[8]], and smoking [31]. The overall data are somewhat inconsistent with the data for endometrial carcinoma, and nothing has yet emerged that could be used to identify AH patients based on risk-factor profiles.
References
- ↑ Endometrial Hyperplasia. The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. http://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Endometrial-Hyperplasia. Accessedon March 3, 2016.
- ↑ Amant, Frederic; Moerman, Philippe; Neven, Patrick; Timmerman, Dirk; Van Limbergen, Erik; Vergote, Ignace (2005). "Endometrial cancer". The Lancet. 366 (9484): 491–505. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67063-8. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ↑ Baanders-van Halewyn EA, Blankenstein MA, Thijssen JH, de Ridder CM, de Waard F (April 1996). "A comparative study of risk factors for hyperplasia and cancer of the endometrium". Eur. J. Cancer Prev. 5 (2): 105–12. PMID 8736077.
- ↑ Kreiger, Nancy; Marrett, Loraine D.; Clarke, E. Aileen; Hilditch, Shelly; Woolever, C. Allan (1986). "RISK FACTORS FOR ADENOMATOUS ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY". American Journal of Epidemiology. 123 (2): 291–301. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114237. ISSN 1476-6256.
- ↑ Farquhar, C.M.; Lethaby, A.; Sowter, M.; Verry, J.; Baranyai, J. (1999). "An evaluation of risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia in premenopausal women with abnormal menstrual bleeding". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 181 (3): 525–529. doi:10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70487-4. ISSN 0002-9378.
- ↑ Weber, A (1999). "Risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia and cancer among women with abnormal bleeding". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 93 (4): 594–598. doi:10.1016/S0029-7844(98)00469-4. ISSN 0029-7844.
- ↑ Epplein, M.; Reed, S. D.; Voigt, L. F.; Newton, K. M.; Holt, V. L.; Weiss, N. S. (2008). "Risk of Complex and Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia in Relation to Anthropometric Measures and Reproductive History". American Journal of Epidemiology. 168 (6): 563–570. doi:10.1093/aje/kwn168. ISSN 0002-9262.
- ↑ Gredmark, Thomas; Kvint, Sonja; Havel, Guillaume; Mattsson, Lars-Åke (1999). "Adipose Tissue Distribution in Postmenopausal Women with Adenomatous Hyperplasia of the Endometrium". Gynecologic Oncology. 72 (2): 138–142. doi:10.1006/gyno.1998.5252. ISSN 0090-8258.