Subdural hematoma pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Pathophysiology

Physiology

The normal physiology of bridging veins can be understood as follows:

• In embryonic period, there is lots of anastomosis between brain and dura matter venous drainage.
• After 12 weeks of gestation these anastomosis will disappear and what is left from them create bridging veins.
• These vein s will drain venous blood from underlying brain tissue to the dural sinuses.

Bridging vein Source:Image Courtesy by Steven C. Gabaeff, MD

Pathogenesis

• It is understood that subdural hematoma is the result of:
  • Rupture in bridging veins (mostly due to head trauma) and hemorrhage between dura matter and arachnoid, leading to subdural hematoma.
  • Rupture of small cortical atreries and hemorrhage into the space between dura matter and arachnoid, leading to subdural hematoma.
  • Intracranial hypotension (mostly due to lumbar punctue) and traction of bridging veins which leads to subdural hematoma
• Subdural hematomas as a result of arterial rupture accounts for 20% of SDH cases and are mostly in temporoparietal region.
• Since most of the SDH cases are due to vein rupture, the bleeding will stop on its own as a result of a clot formation or increased intracranial pressure.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Types_of_Hematoma.jpg

Genetics

[Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.

OR

Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include:

• [Gene1]
• [Gene2]
• [Gene3]

OR

The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations such as:

• [Mutation 1]
• [Mutation 2]
• [Mutation 3]

Associated Conditions

Conditions associated with [disease name] include:

• [Condition 1]
• [Condition 2]
• [Condition 3]

Gross Pathology

On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Microscopic Pathology

On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].