Endocarditis classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2]

Overview

Endocarditis may be classified based on the underlying pathophysiology of the process (infective vs. non-infective), the onset of the disease (acute vs. subacute or short incubation vs. long incubation), results of the cultures (culture positive vs. culture negative), the nature of the valve (native vs. prosthetic) and the valve affected (aortic, mitral, or tricuspid valve).

Classification

Pathogenic Factors	Mechanism
Valvular Damage	Altered and turbulent flow Catheters, electrodes, and other intracardiac devices Solid particles from repeated intravenous injections Chronic inflammation
Bacteremia	Dental procedures Intravenous drug use Complicated urinary tract infections Colorectal cancer
Lack of blood supply to valves	Blunted immune response Therapeutic drugs have difficulty reaching infected valves

Endocarditis may be classified according to underlying pathophysiology into 2 groups:

• Infective Endocarditis vs. Non-Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis may be classified according to onset of the disease into 2 groups:

• Short Incubation vs. Long Incubation

Endocarditis may be classified according to culture result into 2 groups:

• Culture Positive vs. Culture Negative

Endocarditis may be classified according to the nature of the valve into 2 groups:

• Native Valve Endocarditis vs. Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis