Chorioamnionitis causes: Difference between revisions
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{{Chorioamnionitis}} | {{Chorioamnionitis}} | ||
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Revision as of 15:58, 12 June 2021
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Chorioamnionitis Microchapters |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Adnan Ezici, M.D[2] ; Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Causes
Chorioamnionitis may be caused by either bacterial, fungal, or viral microorganisms.[1]
Common Causes
Common bacterial causes of chorioamnionitis include:[1][2]
- Bacteroides sp., especially Prevotella bivius
- Streptococcus agalactiae
- Enterobacteriaceae
- Gardnerella vaginalis
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Ureaplasma urealyticum
- Fusobacteria sp.
- Escherichia coli
- Viruses (adenoviruses might be associated with histological inflammation.
- Fungi, especially candida, might be the causative agent of chorioamnionitis especially in women who become pregnant while using intrauterine devices.[2]
- Chorioamnionitis due to candida infection is associated by preterm birth and adverse fetal outcomes.[1]
- Trichomonas vaginalis might be the causative microorganism in chorioamnionitis, particularly in young and sexually active patients.
Common causative pathogens could be further divided based on the clinical outcome
- Certain microorganisms which might be seen in patients with spontaneous preterm labor (intact membranes):
- Fusobacterium nucleatum
- Sneathia sanguinegens
- Ureaplasma urealyticum
- Streptococcus mitis
- Gardnerella vaginalis
- Peptostreptococcus
- Leptotrichia amnionii
- Mycoplasma hominis
- Streptococcus agalactiae
- Lactobacillus species
- Bacillus species
- Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species
- Prevotella species
- Delftia acidovorans
- Neisseria cinerea
- Certain microorganisms which might be seen in patients with clinical chorioamnionitis at term:
- Ureaplasma urealyticum
- Gardnerella vaginalis
- Mycoplasma hominis
- Streptococcus agalactiae
- Lactobacillus species
- Bacteroides species
- Acinetobacter species
- Sneathia
- Streptococcus viridans
- Porphyromonas species
- Veillonella species
- Peptostreptococcus species
- Escherichia coli
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Eubacterium species
- Gram negative bacilli
- Enterococcus species
- Fusobacterium species
- Candida species
- Micrococcus luteus
- Firmicute
- Propionibacterium acnes
- Abiotrophia defective
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | Escherichia coli |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | Mycoplasma hominis |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | Adenovirus, Bacteroides , Candida albicans, Chlamydia trachomatis, Endometritis, Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Fusobacteria sp., Gardnerella vaginalis , Gram-negative anaerobes , Listeria monocytogenes, Mycoplasma hominis , Prevotella bivius, Streptococcus group b, Streptococcus group a, Ureaplasma urealyticum |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | Mycoplasma hominis |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | Chlamydia trachomatis, Endometritis, Prolonged labor |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | Gardnerella vaginalis |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | Urinary tract infection |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Common Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Adenovirus
- Bacteroides
- Candida albicans
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Enterobacteriaceae
- Escherichia coli
- Gardnerella vaginalis
- Gram-negative anaerobes
- Group B Streptococcus
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Mycoplasma hominis
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Prevotella bivius
- Ureaplasma urealyticum
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Fowler JR, Simon LV. PMID 30335284. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kim CJ, Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Chaiyasit N, Yoon BH, Kim YM (October 2015). "Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis: definition, pathologic features, and clinical significance". Am J Obstet Gynecol. 213 (4 Suppl): S29–52. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.08.040. PMC 4774647. PMID 26428501.