Chorioamnionitis causes: Difference between revisions
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{{Chorioamnionitis}} | {{Chorioamnionitis}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Adnan Ezici}} ; {{LRO}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Adnan Ezici}} ; {{LRO}} | ||
==Overview== | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Chorioamnionitis may be caused by either [[bacterial]], [[fungal]], or [[viral]] microorganisms.<ref name="pmid30335284">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fowler JR, Simon LV |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=30335284 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | Chorioamnionitis may be caused by either [[bacterial]], [[fungal]], or [[viral]] microorganisms.<ref name="pmid30335284">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fowler JR, Simon LV |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=30335284 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
Common bacterial causes of chorioamnionitis include:<ref name="pmid30335284">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fowler JR, Simon LV |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=30335284 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26428501">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim CJ, Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Chaiyasit N, Yoon BH, Kim YM |title=Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis: definition, pathologic features, and clinical significance |journal=Am J Obstet Gynecol |volume=213 |issue=4 Suppl |pages=S29–52 |date=October 2015 |pmid=26428501 |pmc=4774647 |doi=10.1016/j.ajog.2015.08.040 |url=}}</ref> | Common bacterial causes of chorioamnionitis include:<ref name="pmid30335284">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fowler JR, Simon LV |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=30335284 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26428501">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim CJ, Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Chaiyasit N, Yoon BH, Kim YM |title=Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis: definition, pathologic features, and clinical significance |journal=Am J Obstet Gynecol |volume=213 |issue=4 Suppl |pages=S29–52 |date=October 2015 |pmid=26428501 |pmc=4774647 |doi=10.1016/j.ajog.2015.08.040 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Bacteroides]] sp., especially Prevotella bivius | *[[Bacteroides]] sp., especially Prevotella bivius | ||
*[[Streptococcus agalactiae]] | *[[Streptococcus agalactiae]] | ||
| Line 17: | Line 19: | ||
*Viruses ([[adenoviruses]] might be associated with histological inflammation. | *Viruses ([[adenoviruses]] might be associated with histological inflammation. | ||
*Fungi, especially [[candida]], might be the causative agent of chorioamnionitis especially in women who become pregnant while using [[intrauterine devices]].<ref name="pmid26428501">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim CJ, Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Chaiyasit N, Yoon BH, Kim YM |title=Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis: definition, pathologic features, and clinical significance |journal=Am J Obstet Gynecol |volume=213 |issue=4 Suppl |pages=S29–52 |date=October 2015 |pmid=26428501 |pmc=4774647 |doi=10.1016/j.ajog.2015.08.040 |url=}}</ref> | *Fungi, especially [[candida]], might be the causative agent of chorioamnionitis especially in women who become pregnant while using [[intrauterine devices]].<ref name="pmid26428501">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim CJ, Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Chaiyasit N, Yoon BH, Kim YM |title=Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis: definition, pathologic features, and clinical significance |journal=Am J Obstet Gynecol |volume=213 |issue=4 Suppl |pages=S29–52 |date=October 2015 |pmid=26428501 |pmc=4774647 |doi=10.1016/j.ajog.2015.08.040 |url=}}</ref> | ||
**Chorioamnionitis due to candida infection is associated by [[preterm birth]] and adverse fetal outcomes.<ref name="pmid30335284">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fowler JR, Simon LV |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=30335284 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | **Chorioamnionitis due to candida infection is associated by [[preterm birth]] and adverse fetal outcomes.<ref name="pmid30335284">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fowler JR, Simon LV |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=30335284 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Trichomonas vaginalis might be the causative microorganism in chorioamnionitis, particularly in young and sexually active patients. | *Trichomonas vaginalis might be the causative microorganism in chorioamnionitis, particularly in young and sexually active patients. | ||
Common causative pathogens could be further divided based on the clinical outcome | Common causative pathogens could be further divided based on the clinical outcome | ||
*Certain microorganisms which might be seen in patients with spontaneous preterm labor (intact membranes): | *Certain microorganisms which might be seen in patients with spontaneous preterm labor (intact membranes): | ||
**Fusobacterium nucleatum | **Fusobacterium nucleatum | ||
| Line 65: | Line 69: | ||
===Causes by Organ System=== | ===Causes by Organ System=== | ||
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1" | {| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1" | ||
| | | style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular''' | ||
| | | style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning''' | | bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Chemical/Poisoning''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Dental''' | |'''Dental''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Dermatologic''' | |'''Dermatologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Drug Side Effect''' | |'''Drug Side Effect''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Ear Nose Throat''' | |'''Ear Nose Throat''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Endocrine''' | |'''Endocrine''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Environmental''' | |'''Environmental''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Gastroenterologic''' | |'''Gastroenterologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Escherichia coli]] | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Escherichia coli]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Genetic''' | |'''Genetic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Hematologic''' | |'''Hematologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mycoplasma hominis]] | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Mycoplasma hominis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Iatrogenic''' | |'''Iatrogenic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Infectious Disease''' | |'''Infectious Disease''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adenovirus]], [[Bacteroides ]], [[Candida albicans]], [[Chlamydia trachomatis]], [[Endometritis]], [[Enterobacteriaceae]], [[Escherichia coli]], [[Fusobacterium|Fusobacteria sp.]], [[Gardnerella vaginalis ]], [[Gram-negative anaerobes ]], [[Listeria monocytogenes]], [[Mycoplasma hominis ]], [[Prevotella bivius]], [[Streptococcus group b]], [[Streptococcus group a]], [[Ureaplasma urealyticum]] | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Adenovirus]], [[Bacteroides ]] , [[Candida albicans]], [[Chlamydia trachomatis]], [[Endometritis]], [[Enterobacteriaceae]], [[Escherichia coli]], [[Fusobacterium|Fusobacteria sp.]], [[Gardnerella vaginalis ]] , [[Gram-negative anaerobes ]] , [[Listeria monocytogenes]], [[Mycoplasma hominis ]] , [[Prevotella bivius]], [[Streptococcus group b]], [[Streptococcus group a]], [[Ureaplasma urealyticum]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic''' | |'''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Neurologic''' | |'''Neurologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mycoplasma hominis]] | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Mycoplasma hominis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic''' | |'''Nutritional/Metabolic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic''' | |'''Obstetric/Gynecologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chlamydia trachomatis]], [[Endometritis]], [[Prolonged labor]] | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Chlamydia trachomatis]], [[Endometritis]], [[Prolonged labor]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Oncologic''' | |'''Oncologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Ophthalmologic''' | |'''Ophthalmologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Overdose/Toxicity''' | |'''Overdose/Toxicity''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Psychiatric''' | |'''Psychiatric''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Pulmonary''' | |'''Pulmonary''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Renal/Electrolyte''' | |'''Renal/Electrolyte''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy''' | |'''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Sexual''' | |'''Sexual''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Gardnerella vaginalis]] | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Gardnerella vaginalis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Trauma''' | |'''Trauma''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Urologic''' | |'''Urologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Urinary tract infection]] | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Urinary tract infection]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Miscellaneous''' | |'''Miscellaneous''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Common Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ===Common Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ||
*[[Adenovirus]] | *[[Adenovirus]] | ||
*[[Bacteroides]] | *[[Bacteroides]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:01, 6 July 2021
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Chorioamnionitis Microchapters |
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Chorioamnionitis causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Chorioamnionitis causes |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Chorioamnionitis causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Adnan Ezici, M.D[2] ; Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Causes
Chorioamnionitis may be caused by either bacterial, fungal, or viral microorganisms.[1]
Common Causes
Common bacterial causes of chorioamnionitis include:[1][2]
- Bacteroides sp., especially Prevotella bivius
- Streptococcus agalactiae
- Enterobacteriaceae
- Gardnerella vaginalis
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Ureaplasma urealyticum
- Fusobacteria sp.
- Escherichia coli
- Viruses (adenoviruses might be associated with histological inflammation.
- Fungi, especially candida, might be the causative agent of chorioamnionitis especially in women who become pregnant while using intrauterine devices.[2]
- Chorioamnionitis due to candida infection is associated by preterm birth and adverse fetal outcomes.[1]
- Trichomonas vaginalis might be the causative microorganism in chorioamnionitis, particularly in young and sexually active patients.
Common causative pathogens could be further divided based on the clinical outcome
- Certain microorganisms which might be seen in patients with spontaneous preterm labor (intact membranes):
- Fusobacterium nucleatum
- Sneathia sanguinegens
- Ureaplasma urealyticum
- Streptococcus mitis
- Gardnerella vaginalis
- Peptostreptococcus
- Leptotrichia amnionii
- Mycoplasma hominis
- Streptococcus agalactiae
- Lactobacillus species
- Bacillus species
- Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species
- Prevotella species
- Delftia acidovorans
- Neisseria cinerea
- Certain microorganisms which might be seen in patients with clinical chorioamnionitis at term:
- Ureaplasma urealyticum
- Gardnerella vaginalis
- Mycoplasma hominis
- Streptococcus agalactiae
- Lactobacillus species
- Bacteroides species
- Acinetobacter species
- Sneathia
- Streptococcus viridans
- Porphyromonas species
- Veillonella species
- Peptostreptococcus species
- Escherichia coli
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Eubacterium species
- Gram negative bacilli
- Enterococcus species
- Fusobacterium species
- Candida species
- Micrococcus luteus
- Firmicute
- Propionibacterium acnes
- Abiotrophia defective
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | Escherichia coli |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | Mycoplasma hominis |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | Adenovirus, Bacteroides , Candida albicans, Chlamydia trachomatis, Endometritis, Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Fusobacteria sp., Gardnerella vaginalis , Gram-negative anaerobes , Listeria monocytogenes, Mycoplasma hominis , Prevotella bivius, Streptococcus group b, Streptococcus group a, Ureaplasma urealyticum |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | Mycoplasma hominis |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | Chlamydia trachomatis, Endometritis, Prolonged labor |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | Gardnerella vaginalis |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | Urinary tract infection |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Common Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Adenovirus
- Bacteroides
- Candida albicans
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Enterobacteriaceae
- Escherichia coli
- Gardnerella vaginalis
- Gram-negative anaerobes
- Group B Streptococcus
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Mycoplasma hominis
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Prevotella bivius
- Ureaplasma urealyticum
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Fowler JR, Simon LV. PMID 30335284. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kim CJ, Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Chaiyasit N, Yoon BH, Kim YM (October 2015). "Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis: definition, pathologic features, and clinical significance". Am J Obstet Gynecol. 213 (4 Suppl): S29–52. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.08.040. PMC 4774647. PMID 26428501.