Allergic conjunctivitis laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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{{Allergic conjunctivitis}} | {{Allergic conjunctivitis}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Sujaya}} | |||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Allergic]] [[conjunctivitis]] is usually a [[clinical]] [[diagnosis]]. [[Laboratory]] tests are primarily supportive. They may help in differentiating [[intrinsic]] and [[extrinsic]] forms of the condition and thus, guide the [[treatment]]. | [[Allergic]] [[conjunctivitis]] is usually a [[clinical]] [[diagnosis]]. [[Laboratory]] tests are primarily supportive. They may help in differentiating [[intrinsic]] and [[extrinsic]] forms of the condition and thus, guide the [[treatment]]. | ||
Latest revision as of 18:44, 7 September 2022
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujaya Chattopadhyay, M.D.[2]
Overview
Allergic conjunctivitis is usually a clinical diagnosis. Laboratory tests are primarily supportive. They may help in differentiating intrinsic and extrinsic forms of the condition and thus, guide the treatment.
Laboratory findings
Skin prick test
- Intradermal injections of individual allergens are administered to detect sensitivity[1].
- It is a highly sensitive test[2].
- The result is considered positive when the resulting wheal is at least 3 mm larger than the negative control. Systemic reactions are rare[3].
IgE estimation
In-vitro tests to detect IgE antibodies to specific allergens are widely used[4] if skin testing is indicated but not advised such as[5]:
- The patient cannot discontinue antihistaminic medications
- Ambiguous results (e.g., presence of dermatographism)
- To complement the results of previous skin testing.
Conjunctival allergen challenge
- It involves instillation of an allergen on the conjunctiva of the affected eye and a control solution in the other[6].
- More common in research settings to test novel treatments or to compare existing therapies[5].
- Clinically helpful to identify local allergies in suspect patients but with negative or discordant skin prick testing and serum specific IgE[7] . *Useful to assess the relationship between symptoms and exposure in polysensitized patients and the response to initiated therapy[7].
References
- ↑ La Rosa M, Lionetti E, Reibaldi M, Russo A, Longo A, Leonardi S; et al. (2013). "Allergic conjunctivitis: a comprehensive review of the literature". Ital J Pediatr. 39: 18. doi:10.1186/1824-7288-39-18. PMC 3640929. PMID 23497516.
- ↑ Bernstein IL, Li JT, Bernstein DI, Hamilton R, Spector SL, Tan R; et al. (2008). "Allergy diagnostic testing: an updated practice parameter". Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 100 (3 Suppl 3): S1–148. doi:10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60305-5. PMID 18431959.
- ↑ Wilson AM, Orr LC, Sims EJ, Lipworth BJ (2001). "Effects of monotherapy with intra-nasal corticosteroid or combined oral histamine and leukotriene receptor antagonists in seasonal allergic rhinitis". Clin Exp Allergy. 31 (1): 61–8. PMID 11167952.
- ↑ Arasi S, Corsello G, Villani A, Pajno GB (2018). "The future outlook on allergen immunotherapy in children: 2018 and beyond". Ital J Pediatr. 44 (1): 80. doi:10.1186/s13052-018-0519-4. PMC 6042356. PMID 29996875.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Dupuis P, Prokopich CL, Hynes A, Kim H (2020). "A contemporary look at allergic conjunctivitis". Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 16: 5. doi:10.1186/s13223-020-0403-9. PMC 6975089 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 31993069. - ↑ Fauquert JL, Jedrzejczak-Czechowicz M, Rondon C, Calder V, Silva D, Kvenshagen BK; et al. (2017). "Conjunctival allergen provocation test : guidelines for daily practice". Allergy. 72 (1): 43–54. doi:10.1111/all.12986. PMID 27430124.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Sánchez-Hernández MC, Montero J, Rondon C, Benitez del Castillo JM, Velázquez E, Herreras JM; et al. (2015). "Consensus document on allergic conjunctivitis (DECA)". J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 25 (2): 94–106. PMID 25997302.