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==[[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia overview|Overview]]==


==Overview==
==[[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
In [[medicine]] ([[hematology]]) '''microangiopathic hemolytic anemia''' (MAHA) is a subgroup of [[hemolytic anemia]] ([[anemia]], loss of red blood cells through destruction) caused by factors in the small blood vessels. It is identified by the finding of anemia and schistocytes on [[light microscopy|microscopy]] of the [[blood film]].


==Presentation==
==[[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia classification|Classification]]==
In diseases such as hemolytic uremic syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, as well as malignant hypertension, the endothelial layer of small vessels are damaged with resulting fibrin deposition and platelet aggregation.  As red blood cells travel through these damaged vessels, they are shredded.  The result is red cell fragmentation and intravascular hemolysis.  Under the microscope, damaged red cells have the appearance of schistocytes.


[[Automated analyser]]s (the machines that perform routine [[full blood count]]s in most hospitals) are generally programmed to flag blood films that display red blood cell fragments or ''schistocytes''.
==[[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


==Causes==
==[[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia causes|Causes]]==
The most important causes are:
 
* [[Aortic Stenosis]] (most common cause of MAHA)
==[[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia differential diagnosis|Differentiating Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia from other Diseases]]==
* [[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]] (TTP)
 
* [[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]] (HUS)
==[[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
* [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]] (DIC)
 
* [[HELLP syndrome]] and [[eclampsia]]
==[[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
* [[Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia]] (HIT)
 
* Severe [[glomerulonephritis]]
 
* Several other rare causes
 
==[[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia screening|Screening]]==
 
==[[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
 
==Diagnosis==
[[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia history and symptoms| History and Symptoms]] | [[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia physical examination | Physical Examination]] |[[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemiachest x ray|Chest X Ray]] |  [[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia CT|CT]] | [[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia MRI|MRI]] | [[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 
==Treatment==
[[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] |  [[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia surgery|Surgery]]
[[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
 
==Case Studies==
[[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia case study one|Case#1]]  


==Pathophysiology==
In all causes, the mechanism of MAHA is the formation of a [[fibrin]] mesh due to increased activity of the system of [[coagulation]]. The red blood cells are physically cut by these protein networks, and the fragments are identical to the schistocytes seen on light microscopy.


{{Hematology}}
{{Hematology}}

Revision as of 14:15, 21 September 2012

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
ICD-10 D59.4
ICD-9 283.19
DiseasesDB 29721

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Overview

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Risk Factors

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Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Chest X Ray

CT

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Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

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Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination |Laboratory Findings | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case#1


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