Fever of unknown origin laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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[[Ultrasound]] may show [[cholelithiasis]], [[echocardiography]] may be needed in suspected [[endocarditis]] and a [[CT scan]] may show [[infection]] or malignancy of internal organs. Another technique is Gallium-67 scanning which seems to visualize chronic infections more effectively. Invasive techniques (biopsy and laparotomy for pathological and bacteriological examination) may be required before a definite diagnosis is possible.<ref name="Mandell"> | [[Ultrasound]] may show [[cholelithiasis]], [[echocardiography]] may be needed in suspected [[endocarditis]] and a [[CT scan]] may show [[infection]] or malignancy of internal organs. Another technique is Gallium-67 scanning which seems to visualize chronic infections more effectively. Invasive techniques (biopsy and laparotomy for pathological and bacteriological examination) may be required before a definite diagnosis is possible.<ref name="Mandell"> | ||
[http://www.ppidonline.com/ Mandell's Principles and Practices of Infection Diseases] 6th Edition (2004) by Gerald L. Mandell MD, MACP, John E. Bennett MD, Raphael Dolin MD, ISBN 0-443-06643-4 · Hardback · 4016 Pages Churchill Livingstone </ref><ref name="Harrison">[http://books.mcgraw-hill.com/medical/harrisons/ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine] 16th Edition, The McGraw-Hill Companies, ISBN 0-07-140235-7</ref><ref name="Oxford"/> | [http://www.ppidonline.com/ Mandell's Principles and Practices of Infection Diseases] 6th Edition (2004) by Gerald L. Mandell MD, MACP, John E. Bennett MD, Raphael Dolin MD, ISBN 0-443-06643-4 · Hardback · 4016 Pages Churchill Livingstone </ref><ref name="Harrison">[http://books.mcgraw-hill.com/medical/harrisons/ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine] 16th Edition, The McGraw-Hill Companies, ISBN 0-07-140235-7</ref><ref name="Oxford"> [http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Medicine/PrimaryCare/?ci=0192629220&view=usa The Oxford Textbook of Medicine] Edited by David A. Warrell, Timothy M. Cox and John D. Firth with Edward J. Benz, Fourth Edition (2003), Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-262922-0</ref><ref name="Cecil"> | ||
[[Positron Emission Tomography]] using radioactively labelled [[Fluorodeoxyglucose]] (FDG) has been reported to have a [[Sensitivity (tests)|sensitivity]] of 84% and a [[Specificity (tests)| specificity]] of 86% for localizing the source of fever of unknown origin.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Meller J, Altenvoerde G, Munzel U, Jauho A, Behe M, Gratz S, Luig H, Becker W | title = Fever of unknown origin: prospective comparison of [18F]FDG imaging with a double-head coincidence camera and gallium-67 citrate SPET. | journal = Eur J Nucl Med. | volume = 27| issue = 11 | pages = 1617-25 | year = 2000 | id = PMID 11105817}}</ref> | [[Positron Emission Tomography]] using radioactively labelled [[Fluorodeoxyglucose]] (FDG) has been reported to have a [[Sensitivity (tests)|sensitivity]] of 84% and a [[Specificity (tests)| specificity]] of 86% for localizing the source of fever of unknown origin.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Meller J, Altenvoerde G, Munzel U, Jauho A, Behe M, Gratz S, Luig H, Becker W | title = Fever of unknown origin: prospective comparison of [18F]FDG imaging with a double-head coincidence camera and gallium-67 citrate SPET. | journal = Eur J Nucl Med. | volume = 27| issue = 11 | pages = 1617-25 | year = 2000 | id = PMID 11105817}}</ref> | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
A comprehensive and meticulous history (i.e. illness of family members, recent visit to the tropics, medication), repeated physical examination (i.e. skin rash, eschar, lymphadenopathy, heart murmur) and a myriad of laboratory tests (serological, blood culture, immunological) are the cornerstone of finding the cause.[1][2]
Laboratory Findings
Ultrasound may show cholelithiasis, echocardiography may be needed in suspected endocarditis and a CT scan may show infection or malignancy of internal organs. Another technique is Gallium-67 scanning which seems to visualize chronic infections more effectively. Invasive techniques (biopsy and laparotomy for pathological and bacteriological examination) may be required before a definite diagnosis is possible.[1][3][2]Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag
Despite all this, diagnosis may only be suggested by the therapy chosen. When a patient recovers after discontinuing medication it likely was drug fever, when antibiotics or antimycotics work it probably was infection. Empirical therapeutic trials should be used in those patients in which other techniques have failed.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Mandell's Principles and Practices of Infection Diseases 6th Edition (2004) by Gerald L. Mandell MD, MACP, John E. Bennett MD, Raphael Dolin MD, ISBN 0-443-06643-4 · Hardback · 4016 Pages Churchill Livingstone
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 The Oxford Textbook of Medicine Edited by David A. Warrell, Timothy M. Cox and John D. Firth with Edward J. Benz, Fourth Edition (2003), Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-262922-0
- ↑ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 16th Edition, The McGraw-Hill Companies, ISBN 0-07-140235-7