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| *[[Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D and periodic fever syndrome]] | | *[[Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D and periodic fever syndrome]] |
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| *Invasive [[aspergillosis]] | | *Invasive [[aspergillosis]]<ref name="pmid23331746">{{cite journal |author=Méndez-Tovar LJ, Manzano-Gayosso P, Cumplido-Uribe C, Hernández-Hernández F, Ramos-Hernández J, López-Martínez R |title=[Invasive mycosis, immunocompromise and fever of unknown origin] |language=Spanish; Castilian |journal=Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc |volume=50 |issue=6 |pages=609–14 |year=2012 |pmid=23331746 |doi= |url=}}</ref> |
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| *[[Juvenile chronic arthritis]] | | *[[Juvenile chronic arthritis]] |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Naresh Mullaguri, M.B.B.S. [2]
Causes
Common Causes
- Extrapulmonary tuberculosis[1]- most frequent cause of fever of unknown origin.
- Drug fever- adverse reactions of medications should always be considered as an important cause before starting actual evaluation for FUO.
- Histoplasmosis
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Blastomycosis- any systemic granulomatous disease can be a cause of FUO.
- Sarcoidosis - one of the important differential diagnosis for FUO in African-american population.
- Lymphoma-most common cause of FUO in adults.
- Pulmonary embolism
- Deep venous thrombosis
- Endocarditis- although it is a rare cause, it is always important to think over it as one of the differential diagnosis.
- Factitious fever[2]- most of the times it is an underestimated cause of FUO but it is often important to consider it in people who worked in the medical field and majority of them are females.
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular
|
Endocarditis, Deep vein thrombosis, Thrombophlebitis
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| Chemical / poisoning
|
Bismuth
|
| Dermatologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Drug Side Effect
|
Allopurinol, Amphotericin B, Aminoglutethimide, Barbiturates, Bismuth, Chlorpromazine, Ethotoin, GMCSF, Levomepromazine, Methyldopa, Perazine, Phenophthalein, Pipothiazine, Promazine, Penicillin, Phenytoin, Quinidine, Rifampicin
|
| Ear Nose Throat
|
Periodic fever aphthous pharyngitis and cervical adenopathy, Sinusitis
|
| Endocrine
|
No underlying causes
|
| Environmental
|
No underlying causes
|
| Gastroenterologic
|
Cirrhosis of liver, Crohn's disease, Ulcerative Colitis, Whipple's disease, Choledochal cyst, Cholangitis
|
| Genetic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Hematologic
|
Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinaemia, Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D and periodic fever syndrome
|
| Iatrogenic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Infectious Disease
|
Lung abscess, Subdiaphragmatic abscess, Liver abscess, Pyelonephritis, Salmonella typhi, Osteomyelitis, Gonorrhoea, Leptospirosis, Q fever, Endocarditis, Tularaemia, Scrub typhus, Relapsing fever, Rickettsia akari, Boutonneuse fever, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Periodic fever aphthous pharyngitis and cervical adenopathy, Ehrlichiosis, Atypical pneumonia, Cyclical neutropenia, Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, Streptococcus suis, Catheter infections, Lepromatous leprosy, Treponema pallidum, Neisseria meningiditis, UTI, Borrelia burgdorferi, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, Sinusitis, Actinomycosis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Leptospira hebdomadis, Listeria monocytogenes, Brucellosis, Blastomycosis, Candida albicans, Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, Invasive aspergillosis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Psittacosis, Coccidioidomycosis, Histoplasmosis, Malaria, Toxoplasma, Sleeping sickness, Entamoeba histolytica, Visceral leishmaniasis, Fasciola hepatica, Epstein-Barr virus, Hepatitis B, HIV-1 disease, Newcastle disease
|
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho
|
Osteomyelitis, Discitis, Polymyalgia rheumatica
|
| Neurologic
|
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 3, Vitamin B12 deficiency
|
| Nutritional / Metabolic
|
Vitamin B12 deficiency
|
| Obstetric/Gynecologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Oncologic
|
Renal adenocarcinoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, Pancreatic cancer, Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinaemia, Paraneoplastic syndrome, Atrial myxoma
|
| Opthalmologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Overdose / Toxicity
|
No underlying causes
|
| Psychiatric
|
Factitious fever
|
| Pulmonary
|
Lung abscess, Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, Invasive aspergillosis
|
| Renal / Electrolyte
|
Acute pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
|
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy
|
Polyarteritis nodosa, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Polymyalgia rheumatica, Sarcoidosis, Polymyositis, Temporal arteritis, Juvenile chronic arthritis, Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D and periodic fever syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis, Recurrent hereditary polyserositis, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, Still's Disease, Rheumatoid disease, Whipple's disease, Retroperitoneal fibrosis, Crohn's disease, Ulcerative colitis, Schnitzler syndrome
|
| Sexual
|
No underlying causes
|
| Trauma
|
No underlying causes
|
| Urologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Dental
|
No underlying causes
|
| Miscellaneous
|
Surgery complication, Fabry's disease
|
Causes by Alphabetical Order
|
|
- Periodic fever aphthous pharyngitis and cervical adenopathy
|
References
- ↑ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 16th Edition, The McGraw-Hill Companies, ISBN 0-07-140235-7
- ↑ Mandell's Principles and Practices of Infection Diseases 6th Edition (2004) by Gerald L. Mandell MD, MACP, John E. Bennett MD, Raphael Dolin MD, ISBN 0-443-06643-4 · Hardback · 4016 Pages Churchill Livingstone
- ↑ Méndez-Tovar LJ, Manzano-Gayosso P, Cumplido-Uribe C, Hernández-Hernández F, Ramos-Hernández J, López-Martínez R (2012). "[Invasive mycosis, immunocompromise and fever of unknown origin]". Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc (in Spanish; Castilian). 50 (6): 609–14. PMID 23331746.