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==Overview==
==Overview==
== History and Symptoms ==  
== History and Symptoms ==
There are a wide range of symptoms that indicate if a person has polymyalgia rheumatica. The symptoms include pain and stiffness in the [[muscles]], usually in the [[neck]], [[shoulders]], and [[hips]]. The pain is moderate to severe, and may inhibit the activity of the person. These symptoms usually occur in the morning, or after sleeping. The muscle strength is intact, though it may be limited by pain. There may be [[synovitis]] in knees, wrists, sterno-clavicular (SC) joints, hips/shoulders and distal extremity swelling ([[tenosynovitis]]).
* PMR is typically characterized by pain and morning stiffness in the proximal joints and limbs, including the [[neck]], the [[shoulder girdle]], the [[pelvic girdle]], the lower back, and the thighs.  The symptoms last for more than 30 days and involve the body parts symmetrically.  The morning stiffness lasts for at approximately 30-45 minutes. The pain is moderate to severe, and may inhibit the activity of the person. These symptoms usually occur in the morning, or after sleeping. The muscle strength is intact, though it may be limited by pain.


[[Fatigue]] and [[lack of appetite]] are also signs of polymyalgia rheumatica. [[Lack of appetite]] could lead to unintentional [[weight loss]]. [[Anemia]] is another sign of polymyalgia rheumatica. An overall [[feeling of illness]] and a slight [[fever]] are also signs of this disorder.
* In some patients, there is involvement of the distal parts of the body that can manifest as:
** Peripheral [[synovitis]] or [[arthritis]]
** [[Pitting edema]]
** Hand [[swelling]]
** [[Carpel tunnel syndrome]]
 
* Constitutional symptoms can also be present:
** [[Fever]]
** [[Fatigue]]
** [[Loss of appetite]]
** [[Weight loss]]
** [[Anemia]]
 
* PMR is associated with [[giant cell arteritis]].
 
Some symptoms of [[temporal arteritis]] include severe [[headaches]], scalp tenderness, [[jaw claudication]], [[fever]], distorted vision or aching in the limbs caused by decreased blood flow, and [[fatigue]].


Studies have shown that about 15% of people who are diagnosed with polymyalgia rheumatica also have [[temporal arteritis]], and about 50% of people with [[temporal arteritis]] have polymyalgia rheumatica. Some symptoms of [[temporal arteritis]] include severe [[headaches]], scalp tenderness, [[jaw]] or facial soreness, distorted vision or aching in the limbs caused by decreased blood flow, and [[fatigue]].
==== Relation to Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) ====
* 25% of patients with GCA have PMR as presenting symptom
* 40-60% of patients with GCA have PMR during disease course
* 10-15% of patients with PMR have GCA by temporal artery (TA) biopsy
<br>
{|
|-style="background:silver; color:black"
| '''''Symptoms GCA''''' || || '''''Signs GCA''''' ||
|-style="background:silver; color:black"
| '''Headache''' || '''68%''' || '''Decreased TA pulsations''' || '''46%'''
|- style="background:silver; color:black"
| '''Jaw claudication''' || '''45%''' || '''Fever''' || '''42%'''
|-style="background:silver; color:black"
| '''Transient visual symptoms''' || '''16%''' || '''Tenderness over temporal artery''' || '''27%'''
|-style="background:silver; color:black"
| '''Fixed visual loss''' || '''14%''' || '''Nodular or swollen scalp arteries''' || '''23%'''
|-style="background:silver; color:black"
| '''Dysphagia ''' || '''8%''' || '''Large artery bruits ''' || '''21%'''
|-style="background:silver; color:black"
| '''Tongue claudication''' || '''6%''' || '''Ophthalmoscopic abnormalities''' || '''18%'''
|-style="background:silver; color:black"
|  ||  || '''Visual loss''' || '''14%''' 
|}
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

Revision as of 21:22, 1 June 2014

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Overview

History and Symptoms

  • PMR is typically characterized by pain and morning stiffness in the proximal joints and limbs, including the neck, the shoulder girdle, the pelvic girdle, the lower back, and the thighs. The symptoms last for more than 30 days and involve the body parts symmetrically. The morning stiffness lasts for at approximately 30-45 minutes. The pain is moderate to severe, and may inhibit the activity of the person. These symptoms usually occur in the morning, or after sleeping. The muscle strength is intact, though it may be limited by pain.

Some symptoms of temporal arteritis include severe headaches, scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, fever, distorted vision or aching in the limbs caused by decreased blood flow, and fatigue.

References

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