Sandbox sc

Mycobacterium terrae

Mycobacterium terrae ^[1]

1. In vitro susceptibility

All six of the isolates from a single center and 90% or more of an additional 22 isolates of M. terrae complex were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin and Sulfonamides. Recently, 11 isolates of M. terrae complex were also shown to be susceptible to Linezolid

2. Antimicrobial therapy

Based on in vitro susceptibility results

Mycobacterium szulgai

Mycobacterium szulgai ^[2]^[3]

1. in vitro susceptibility

M. szulgai is susceptible in vitro to most antituberculous drugs including Quinolones and newer Macrolides

2. Infection

2.1 Pulmonary infection

Three- or four-drug regimen based on susceptibility that includes 12 months of negative sputum cultures while on therapy

2.2 Extrapulmonary infection

Combination anti-tuberculous medications based on in vitro susceptibilities for 4-6 months

Mycobacterium smegmatis

Mycobacterium smegmatis ^[4]

1. Mild disease

Preferred regimen: Doxycycline PO AND Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole PO

2. Severe disease

Preferred regimen: Amikacin IV OR Imipenem IV

Mycobacterium mucogenicum

Mycobacterium mucogenicum ^[5]

In vitro susceptible agents: Aminoglycosides, Cefoxitin, Clarithromycin, Minocycline, Doxycycline, Quinolones, Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and Imipenem

Mycobacterium malmoense

Mycobacterium malmoense^[6]

1. In vitro

Susceptible: Ethambutol, Ethionamide, Kanamycin, and Cycloserine
Resistant: INH, Streptomycin, Rifampin, and Capreomycin

2. Pulmonary M. malmoense infection

Preferred regimen: INH AND Rifampin AND Ethambutol ± Quinolones AND Macrolides

Mycobacterium immunogenum

Mycobacterium immunogenum ^[7]

In vitro

Susceptible: Amikacin and Clarithromycin
Resistant: Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline, Cefoxitin, Tobramycin, and Sulfamethoxazole
Note: The optimal therapy for this organism is unknown; however, successful therapy is likely difficult due to the extensive antibiotic resistance of the organism

Mycobacterium leprae

Mycobacterium leprae ^[8]

1. Multibacillary Leprosy (Skin smear positive)

1.1 Adult

Preferred regimen: Dapsone 100 mg/day PO AND Rifampin 600 mg PO 4 times per week AND Clofazimine 50 mg PO qd for 12-24 months
Note: Clofazimine should be supplemented by loading dose 300 mg PO monthly

1.2 Pediatric

1.2.1 <35 kg

Preferred regimen: Dapsone 1-2 mg/kg/day PO AND Rifampin 450 mg PO for 12-24 months

1.2.2 <20 kg

Preferred regimen: Dapsone 1-2 mg/kg/day PO AND Rifampin 300 mg PO for 12-24 months

1.2.3 <12 kg

Preferred regimen: Dapsone 1-2 mg/kg/day PO AND Rifampin 150 mg PO for 12-24 months

2. Paucibacillary Leprosy (Skin Smear negative)

Preferred regimen: Rifampin 600 mg PO once a month for 6 months AND Dapsone 100 mg PO qd for 6 months

3. Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL)

3.1 Mild

Preferred regimen: Rest affect limb, analgesics, follow-up twice a week, check for iridocyclitis; Chloroquine OR Aspirin may be useful

3.2 Severe (numerous nodules + fever, ulcerating/pustular ENL, visceral involvement, nodules + neuritis, recurrent ENL)

Preferred regimen: Prednisolone 30-40 mg/day PO for 1-2 weeks, then taper over 12 weeks
Alternative regimen (1): (If unresponsive to corticosteroids or if risk of corticosteroids prevent administration) Start Clofazimine 100 mg PO tid for maximum of 12 weeks, taper the dose to 100 mg PO bid for 12 weeks and then 100 mg qd for 12-24 weeks
Alternative regimen (2): (if not contraindicated) Thalidomide 200-400 mg/day PO, reduced to 50-100 mg/day after 1-2 weeks

4. Reversal Reaction

Preferred regimen: Prednisolone start with 40 mg/day PO then taper by 10 mg twice a week for 12 weeks

Mycobacterium xenopi

Mycobacterium xenopi ^[9]

1. The cornerstone of therapy for M. xenopi

Preferred regimen: Clarithromycin AND Rifampin AND Ethambutol
Note: Therapy should be continued until the patient has maintained negative sputum cultures while on therapy for 12 months

2. Pulmonary disease

Preferred regimen: INH AND Rifabutin OR Rifampin AND Ethambutol AND Clarithromycin ± Streptomycin
Note: A quinolone, preferably Moxifloxacin, could be substituted for one of the antituberculous drugs

3. Extrapulmonary disease

Note: Therapy for extrapulmonary disease would include the same agents as for pulmonary disease

Mycobacterium ulcerans

Mycobacterium ulcerans ^[10]

1. Preulcerative lesions

Excision and primary closure, Rifampin monotherapy, or heat therapy

2. Established ulcers

Most antimycobacterial agents are ineffective for the treatment of the ulcer; Surgical debridement combined with skin grafting is the usual treatment of choice

3. Control complications of the ulcer

Preferred regimen: Clarithromycin AND Rifampin

Swine influenza

Swine influenza ^[11]

1. Condition1: Patients who have severe or progressive clinical illness

Preferred regimen: Oseltamivir 150 mg PO bid
Note(1): Treatment duration depends on clinical response
Note(2): Where the clinical course remains severe or progressive, despite 5 or more days of antiviral treatment, monitoring of virus replication and shedding, and antiviral drug susceptibility testing is desirable
Note(3): Antiviral treatment should be maintained without a break until virus infection is resolved or there is satisfactory clinical improvement
Note(4): Patients who have severe or progressive clinical illness, but who are unable to take oral medication may be treated with Oseltamivir administered by nasogastric or orogastric tube

2. Condition2: In situations where oseltamivir is not available, or not possible to use, patients who have severe or progressive clinical illness

Preferred regimen: Zanamivir inhaled
Note: Zanamivir IV should be considered where available and is recommended for those with serious or progressive illness. If not available, Peramivir IV may be considered

3. Condition3: Severely immunosuppressed patients

Antiviral chemoprophylaxis would be considered by using Oseltamivir OR Zanamivir

Mycobacterium simiae

Mycobacterium simiae ^[12]

Preferred regimen: Clarithromycin AND Moxifloxacin AND Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

Mycobacterium foruitum

Mycobacterium foruitum ^[13]

1. In vitro isolates

Susceptible agents: Amikacin (100%), Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin (100%), Sulfonamides (100%), Cefoxitin (50%), Imipenem (100%), Clarithromycin (80%), and Doxycycline (50%)

2. Disease

2.1 M. fortuitum lung disease

At least two agents with in vitro activity against the clinical isolate should be given for at least 12 months of negative sputum cultures

2.2 Serious skin, bone, and soft tissue M fortuitum disease

At least two agents with in vitro activity against the clinical isolate should be given for a minimum of 4 months; For bone infections, 6 months of therapy is recommended

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum ^[14]

Susceptibility data are lacking and standard treatment regimens for M. scrofulaceum are controversial, emphasizing the need to perform susceptibility testing on confirmed disease-producing isolates of M. scrofulaceum

Mycobacterium marinum

Mycobacterium marinum ^[15]

1. In vitro M. marinum isolates

Susceptible: Rifampin, Rifabutin, Ethambutol, Clarithromycin, Sulfonamides, and Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole
Intermediately susceptible: Streptomycin, Doxycycline, and Minocycline
Resistant: Isoniazid and Pyrazinamide
Note: Two active agents for 1 to 2 months after resolution of symptoms, typically 3 to 4 months in total

2. Infection

2.1 skin and soft tissue infections

Preferred regimen (1): Clarithromycin AND Ethambutol
Preferred regimen (2): Ethambutol AND Rifampin
Note: Azithromycin can replace Clarithromycin

2.2 osteomyelitis or deep structure infection

Preferred regimen: Clarithromycin AND Ethambutol AND Rifampin

Mycobacterium kansasii

Mycobacterium kansasii ^[16]

1. pulmonary disease

Preferred regimen: Rifampin 10 mg/kg/day (maximum, 600 mg) PO AND Ethambutol 15 mg/kg/ day PO AND Isoniazid 5 mg/kg/day (maximum 300 mg) PO AND Pyridoxine 50 mg/day PO
Note: Treatment duration for M. kansasii lung disease should include 12 months of negative sputum cultures

2. Rifampin-resistant M. kansasii disease

Preferred regimen: Clarithromycin OR Azithromycin OR Moxifloxacin OR Ethambutol OR Sulfamethoxazole OR Streptomycin
Note(1): Use three-drug regimen
Note(2): Patients undergoing therapy for M. kansasii lung disease should have close clinical monitoring with frequent sputum examinations for mycobacterial culture throughout therapy

3. Disseminated M. kansasii disease

Note: The treatment regimen for disseminated disease should be the same as for pulmonary disease

Mycobacterium gordonae

Mycobacterium gordonae ^[17]

Preferred regimen: Ethambutol OR Rifabutin OR Clarithromycin OR Linezolid OR Fluoroquinolones

Mycobacterium genavense

Mycobacterium genavense ^[18]

Susceptibility: Amikacin, Rifamycin, Fluoroquinolones, Streptomycin, and Macrolides
Note(1): Ethambutol has limited activity
Note(2): Optimal therapy is not determined, but multidrug therapies including Clarithromycin appear to be more effective than those without Clarithromycin

Mycobacterium haemophilum

Mycobacterium haemophilum ^[19]

1. In vitro

Susceptible: Amikacin, Clarithromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Rifampin, and Rifabutin
Less susceptible: Doxycycline and Sulfonamides

2. Infection

2.1 Disseminated disease

Preferred regimen: Clarithromycin AND Rifampin AND Rifabutin AND Ciprofloxacin

Mycobacterium chelonae

Mycobacterium chelonae ^[20]
1. Localized infections

Preferred regimen: Clarithromycin 500 mg PO bid
Alternative regimen: Azithromycin

2. Disseminated or extensive disease

2.1 monotherapy

Preferred regimen: Clarithromycin 500 mg PO bid for 6 months

2.2 multidrug therapy

preferred regimen: Clarithromycin 500 mg PO bid AND Tobramycin 5 mg/kg IV q24h OR Imipenem 0.5-1 g IV q6h OR Linezolid 600 mg IV/PO q12h/bid for 4-8 weeks
Alternative regimen: Moxifloxacin 400 mg PO qd AND Linezolid 600 mg PO bid
Note(1): During initial treatment, multidrug therapy may prevent development of acquired resistance
Note(2): Total treatment duration is 6 months

3. Keratitis (LASIK-related)

Preferred regimen: Clarithromycin 500 mg PO bid AND Tobramycin 0.3% 2 gtts q4h AND Gatifloxacin 0.3% 1 gtt q4h OR Moxifloxacin 0.5% 1 gtt q4h

Mycobacterium celatum

Mycobacterium celatum ^[21]

Preferred regimen: Clarithromycin AND Ethambutol AND Ciprofloxacin ± Rifabutin

Mycobacterium avium complex

1. Treatment of MAC pulmonary disease ^[22]

1.1 Patients with nodular/bronchiectatic disease

Preferreday regimen: Clarithromycin 1,000 mg three times weekly OR Azithromycin 500–600 mg three times weekly AND Ethambutol 25 mg/kg three times weekly AND Rifampin 600 mg three times weekly
Note: Patients should be treated until culture negative on therapy for 1 year

1.2 Patients with fibrocavitary or severe nodular/bronchiectatic disease

Preferreday regimen: Clarithromycin 500–1,000 mg/day OR Azithromycin 250–300 mg/day OR Rifampin 600 mg/day OR Rifabutin 150–300 mg/day AND Ethambutol 15 mg/kg/day
Note(1): Amikacin OR Streptomycin threetimes-weekly can be used early in therapy
Note(2): Patients should be treated until culture negative on therapy for 1 year

2. Disseminateday MAC disease

Preferreday regimen: Clarithromycin 1,000 mg/day OR Azithromycin 250 mg/day AND Ethambutol 15 mg/kg/day ± Rifabutin 150–350 mg/day

Mycobacterium bovis

Mycobacterium bovis ^[23]

Note: Is intrinsically resistant to Pyrazinamide (PZA). The treatment of M. bovis is extrapolated from experience with the treatment of PZA-resistant M. tuberculosis
1. Pulmonary and most extrapulmonary disease

Preferred regimen: Isoniazid AND Rifampin AND Ethambutol for 2 months, followed by Isoniazid AND Rifampin for 7 months

2. Meningitis

Preferred regimen: Isoniazid AND Rifampin AND Ethambutol for 2 months, followed by Isoniazid AND Rifampin for 10 months

Mycobacterium abscessus

1.Limited, localized extrapulmonary disease ^[24]

Preferred regimen: Clarithromycin 500 mg PO bid ± Amikacin 10-15 mg/kg/day IV or 25 mg/kg three times weekly for 4 months

Alternative regimen (1): Amikacin AND Cefoxitin 12 g/day PO for two weeks
Note: until clinical improvement in severe cases

Alternative regimen (2): Amikacin AND Imipenem 500 mg IV q6-8h for two weeks
Note(1): Until clinical improvement in severe cases
Note(2): Osteomyelitis should be treated for as least 6 months; Infected foreign bodies should be removed

2.Pulmonary or serious extrapulmonary disease

Preferred regimen: Clarithromycin 500 mg PO bid AND Amikacin 15 mg/kg/day IV AND Cefoxitin 2g IV q4h OR Imipenem 1g IV q6h for at least 2-4 months
Note: If limited by adverse effects, then switch to Clarithromycin 500 mg PO bid or 1000 mg XR qd OR Azithromycin 250 mg PO qd
Alternative regimen(1): Tigecycline 100 mg IV loading dose, then 50 mg IV q12h
Note: could be substituted as one of the injectables
Alternative regimen(2): Linezolid 600 mg PO bid or 600 mg PO qd AND Clarithromycin
Note: Could replace parental tx if not tolerated or feasible

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Standard Regimens for new patients ^[25]

Adult

Initial phase

Preferred regimen: Isoniazid 300 mg PO (5 mg/kg/day) qd for 8 weeks AND Rifampicin 600 mg PO (10 mg/kg/day) qd for 8 weeks AND Pyrazinamide 2 g PO (25 mg/kg/day) qd for 8 weeks AND Ethambutol 1.6 g PO (15 mg/kg/day) qd for 8 weeks
Alternative regimen (1): Isoniazid 300 mg/day PO for 2 weeks (5 mg/kg/day) AND Rifampicin 600 mg/day PO for 2 weeks (10 mg/kg/day) AND Pyrazinamide 2 g/day PO for 2 weeks (25 mg/kg/day) AND Ethambutol 1.6 g PO for 2 weeks (15 mg/kg/day), followed by Isoniazid 300 mg/day PO twice weekly for 6 weeks (5 mg/kg/day) AND Rifampicin 600 mg/day PO twice weekly for 6 weeks (10 mg/kg/day) AND Pyrazinamide 2 g/day PO twice weekly for 6 weeks AND Ethambutol 1.6 g PO for 2 weeks (15 mg/kg/day)
Alternative regimen (2): Isoniazid 300 mg/day PO thrice weekly for 8 weeks (5 mg/kg/day) AND Rifampicin 600 mg/day PO thrice weekly for 8 weeks (10 mg/kg/day) AND Pyrazinamide 2g/day PO thrice weekly for 8 week (25 mg/kg/day) AND Ethambutol 1.6 g PO thrice weekly for 8 weeks (15 mg/kg/day)

Continuation phase

Preferred regimen (1): Isoniazid 300 mg PO (5 mg/kg/day) qd AND Rifampicin 600 mg PO (10 mg/kg/day) qd for 18 weeks

Preferred regimen (2): Isoniazid 300 mg PO twice weekly (5 mg/kg/day) AND Rifampicin 600 mg/day PO twice weekly (10 mg/kg/day) for 18 weeks
Alternative regimen (1): Isoniazid 300 mg/day PO biweekly for 18 weeks (5 mg/kg/day) AND Rifampicin 600 mg/day PO biweekly for 18 weeks (10 mg/kg/day)
Alternative regimen (2): Isoniazid 300 mg/day PO thrice weekly for 18 weeks (5 mg/kg/day) AND Rifampicin 600 mg/day PO thrice weekly for 18 weeks (10 mg/kg/day)

Pediatric

Initial phase

Preferred regimen: Isoniazid 10 mg/kg PO (Max: 300 mg/day) AND Rifampicin 15 mg/kg PO (Max: 600 mg/day) AND Pyrazinamide 35 mg/kg PO (Max: 2 g/day) AND Ethambutol 20 mg/kg PO (Max: 1.6 g/day), each for 8 weeks

Continuation phase

Preferred regimen: Isoniazid 10 mg/kg PO (Max: 300 mg/day) AND Rifampicin 15 mg/kg PO (Max: 600 mg/day), each drug daily for 18 weeks

MDR Tuberculosis ^[26]

Adult

Preferred regimen: Pyrazinamide 20–30 mg/kg OR Ethambutol 15–25 mg/kg OR Rifabutin 5 mg/kg AND Capreomycin 15 mg/kg OR Kanamycin 15 mg/kg OR Amikacin 7.5-10 mg/kg OR Streptomycin 12–18 mg/kg AND Levofloxacin 500-1000 mg OR Moxifloxacin 400 mg OR Ofloxacin 400 mg AND Ethionamide 15-20 mg/kg OR Protionamide 15-20 mg/kg OR Cycloserine 10-15 mg/kg OR Terizidone 10-20 mg/kg OR Para-aminosalicylic acid 8-12 g/d divided q8-12h

Pediatric

Preferred regimen: Pyrazinamide 20-30 mg/kg (Max: 600 mg) OR Ethambutol 15-20 mg/kg OR Rifabutin 5 mg/kg AND Capreomycin 15-30 mg/kg (Max: 1000 mg) OR Kanamycin 15-30 mg/kg (Max: 1000 mg) OR Amikacin 15-22.5 mg/kg (Max: 1000 mg) OR Streptomycin 12-18 mg/kg AND Levofloxacin 7.5-10 mg/kg OR Moxifloxacin 7.5-10 mg/kg OR Ofloxacin 15-20 mg/kg divided q12h (Max:800 mg) AND Ethionamide 15-20 mg/kg divided q12h (Max: 1000 mg) OR Protionamide 15-20 mg/kg divided q12h (Max: 1000 mg) OR Cycloserine 10-20 mg/kg (Max: 1000 mg) OR Terizidone 10-20 mg/kg (Max: 1000 mg) OR Para-aminosalicylic acid 150 mg/kg divided q8-12h(Max: 12 000 mg)

XDR Tuberculosis ^[27]

Adult

Preferred regimen: Pyrazinamide 20–30 mg/kg OR Ethambutol 15–25 mg/kg OR Rifabutin 5 mg/kg AND Ethionamide 15-20 mg/kg OR Protionamide 15-20 mg/kg OR Cycloserine 10-15 mg/kg OR Terizidone 10-20 kg/mg OR Para-aminosalicylic acid 8-12 g/d divided q8-12h AND Clofazimine 50 mg/d AND 300 mg once a month OR Amoxicillin/clavulanate 500 mg/125 mg q12h OR Linezolid 300-600 mg OR Imipenem 500mg q6h OR Clarithromycin 500-1000 mg q12h OR Thioacetazone 2.5 mg/kg OR Isoniazid (high-dose) 16–20 mg/kg

Pediatric

Preferred regimen: Pyrazinamide 20-30 mg/kg (Max: 600 mg) OR Ethambutol 15 mg/kg OR Rifabutin 5 mg/kg AND Ethionamide 15-20 mg/kg (Max: 1000 mg) OR Protionamide 15-20 mg/kg (Max: 1000 mg) OR Cycloserine 10-20 mg/kg (Max: 1000 mg) OR Terizidone 10-20 mg/kg (Max: 1000 mg) OR Para-aminosalicylic acid 150 mg/kg/d divided q8-12h AND Clofazimine 50 mg/d AND 300 mg once a month OR Amoxicillin/clavulanate OR Linezolid 300-600 mg OR Imipenem 500mg q6h OR Clarithromycin 500-1000 mg q12h OR Thioacetazone 2.5 mg/kg OR Isoniazid (high-dose) 16–20 mg/kg

Bacteroides fragilis

Bacteroides fragilis ^[28]

1. Monotherapy

Preferred regimen: Imipenem (Primaxin) OR Ertapenem OR Meropenem OR Doripenem 0.5-1.0 g IV q6h OR Piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn) 3.375 g IV q6h OR Ampicillin-sulbactam (Unasyn) 1-2 g IV q6h OR Tigecycline (Tygacil) 100 mg IV, then 50 mg IV q12h

2. Combination therapy

Preferred regimen: Metronidazole 0.75-1.0 g IV q12h AND Cefotaxime 1.5-2 g IV q6h OR Aztreonam 1-2 g IV q8h OR Ceftriaxone 1 g IV q12h

Acinetobacter baumannii

Acinetobacter baumannii ^[29]

Preferred regimen: Imipenem (Primaxin) 0.5-1 g IV q6h OR Ampicillin/sulbactam (Unasyn) 3g q4h OR Cefepime (Maxipime) 1-2 g IV q8h OR Colistin 2.5 mg/kg IV q12h OR Tigecycline (Tygacil) 100 mg IV, then 50 mg IV q12h OR Amikacin 7.5 mg/kg q12h IV or 15 mg/kg/day IV
Alternative regimen: Ceftriaxone 1-2g IV every day OR Cefotaxime 2-3g IV q6-8h OR Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) 400 mg IV q8-12h or 750 mg PO bid OR TMP-SMX 15-20 mg (TMP)/kg/day IV divided 3 or 4 doses/day or 2 DS PO bid

Vibrio vulnificus

Vibrio vulnificus ^[30]

1. Sepsis or Soft Tissue Infection Antibiotic Management

Preferred regimen: Doxycycline 100 mg IV q12h AND Ceftazidime 2 g IV q8h OR Fluoroquinolone
Alternative regimen (1): Cefotaxime 2 g IV q6h AND Ciprofloxacin 400 mg IV q12h OR Moxifloxacin 400 mg IV q24h OR Levofloxacin 750 mg IV q24h
Alternative regimen (2): Cefotaxime AND Minocycline

2. Gastroenteritis

Most cases self-limiting
Maintain hydration: oral or parenteral routes
Role of Doxycycline or Fluoroquinolones unclear, does not appear to shorten duration of non-cholera gastroenteritis

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

See Vibrio vulnificus

Vibrio cholerae

Vibrio cholerae ^[31]

Preferred regimen: Tetracycline 500 PO qid OR Doxycycline 100 mg PO bid OR Azithromycin 1000 mg PO single dose OR Erythromycin 250 mg PO qid OR TMP/SMX 160 mg/800 mg (DS) PO bid OR Ampicillin 500 mg PO qid OR Ciprofloxacin 250 mg PO qd-bid
Note(1): Duration of antibiotic 1-3 days.
Note(2): Administer antibiotic as soon as vomiting ceases

Treponema pallidum

Treponema pallidum

References

↑ Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.
↑ Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.
↑ Tortoli, E.; Besozzi, G.; Lacchini, C.; Penati, V.; Simonetti, M. T.; Emler, S. (1998-04). "Pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium szulgai, case report and review of the literature". The European Respiratory Journal. 11 (4): 975–977. ISSN 0903-1936. PMID 9623706. Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.
↑ Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.
↑ Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.
↑ Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.
↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.
↑ Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.
↑ Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.
↑ WHO Guidelines for Pharmacological Management of Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) 2009 and Other Influenza Viruses. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2010. PMID 23741777. Retrieved 2015-07-14.
↑ Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.
↑ Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.
↑ Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.
↑ Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.
↑ Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.
↑ Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.
↑ Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.
↑ Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.
↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.
↑ Gilbert, David (2015). The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy. Sperryville, Va: Antimicrobial Therapy. ISBN 978-1930808843.
↑ Griffith, Daviday E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richarday J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, anday prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory anday Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. Unknown parameter |pmiday= ignored (help)
↑ American Thoracic Society. CDC. Infectious Diseases Society of America (2003). "Treatment of tuberculosis". MMWR Recomm Rep. 52 (RR-11): 1–77. PMID 12836625.
↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.
↑ Treatment of tuberculosis guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2010. ISBN 9789241547833.
↑ "The use of delamanid in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis" (PDF).
↑ "WHO".
↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.
↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.
↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.
↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.

[1] Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.

[2] Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.

[3] Tortoli, E.; Besozzi, G.; Lacchini, C.; Penati, V.; Simonetti, M. T.; Emler, S. (1998-04). "Pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium szulgai, case report and review of the literature". The European Respiratory Journal. 11 (4): 975–977. ISSN 0903-1936. PMID 9623706. Check date values in: |date= (help)

[4] Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.

[5] Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.

[6] Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.

[7] Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.

[8] Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.

[9] Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.

[10] Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.

[11] WHO Guidelines for Pharmacological Management of Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) 2009 and Other Influenza Viruses. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2010. PMID 23741777. Retrieved 2015-07-14.

[12] Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.

[13] Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.

[14] Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.

[15] Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.

[16] Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.

[17] Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.

[18] Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.

[19] Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.

[20] Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.

[21] Gilbert, David (2015). The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy. Sperryville, Va: Antimicrobial Therapy. ISBN 978-1930808843.

[22] Griffith, Daviday E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richarday J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, anday prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory anday Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. Unknown parameter |pmiday= ignored (help)

[pmid12836625-23] American Thoracic Society. CDC. Infectious Diseases Society of America (2003). "Treatment of tuberculosis". MMWR Recomm Rep. 52 (RR-11): 1–77. PMID 12836625.

[24] Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.

[25] Treatment of tuberculosis guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2010. ISBN 9789241547833.

[WHO-26] "The use of delamanid in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis" (PDF).

[27] "WHO".

[28] Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.

[29] Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.

[30] Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.

[31] Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

Sandbox sc

Contents

Mycobacterium terrae

Mycobacterium szulgai

Mycobacterium smegmatis

Mycobacterium mucogenicum

Mycobacterium malmoense

Mycobacterium immunogenum

Mycobacterium leprae

Mycobacterium xenopi

Mycobacterium ulcerans

Swine influenza

Mycobacterium simiae

Mycobacterium foruitum

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

Mycobacterium marinum

Mycobacterium kansasii

Mycobacterium gordonae

Mycobacterium genavense

Mycobacterium haemophilum

Mycobacterium chelonae

Mycobacterium celatum

Mycobacterium avium complex

Mycobacterium bovis

Mycobacterium abscessus

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Bacteroides fragilis

Acinetobacter baumannii

Vibrio vulnificus

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio cholerae

Treponema pallidum

References

Navigation menu