Esthesioneuroblastoma natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]

Natural History

Clinical presentation is usually secondary to nasal stuffiness and rhinorrhoea or epistaxis. Presentation is often delayed and symptoms may have been present for many months. Patients often present late with larger tumours which can extend into the intracranial compartment (25-30% at diagnosis) and usually result in anosmia.

Prognosis

Grade of the tumor	Ten-year survival
Grade I and II tumors	67%
High-grade lesions (III and IV)	34%

Grade of the tumor	Five-year survival
Low-grade lesions (Hyams I and II)	56%
High-grade lesions (Hyams III and IV)	20%

Treatment usually involves combined chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy with surgical excision. Prognosis is significantly affected by presence of distant metastases.

Metastasis	Five-year survival
No distant metastases	60%
Distant metastases	0%
Small localised tumors	85-90%