Uveitis classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Tarek Nafee, M.D. [2]
Overview
Uveitis is best described using various, concurrent classification systems. Uveitis may be classified according to anatomical location into 4 subtypes, depending on which part of the uvea is primarily affected: anterior, intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis. Based on the duration of symptoms it may be further sub-classified as acute or chronic. Upon further investigation, uveitis may be classified according to histological features of the inflammation such as granulomatous or non-granulomatous. Additionally, uveitis may be described by the laterality of the condition (unilateral or bilateral). Finally, uveitis may be classified by general underlying systemic causes such as infectious, autoimmune, drug-induced, or idiopathic.[1][2][3][4]
Classification
Uveitis can be described according to the following classifications:[1][2][5]
- Classification by Anatomical Location
- Anterior uveitis: Iritis, cyclitis or iridocyclitis. Inflammation affecting, the iris, the ciliary body, or both.
- Intermediate uveitis: Viritis or pars planitis. Inflammation of the the vitreous humor or the pars plana.
- Posterior uveitis: Choroiditis, retinitis, or chorioretinitis. Inflammation of the choroid, the retina, or both.
- Panuveitis: Inflammation of the entire uvea.
- Classification by Duration of Symptoms[3]
- Acute: Active uveitis for less than 3 months.
- Chronic: Active uveitis for more than 3 months.
- Classification by type of inflammation[4]
- Granulomatous: showing granulomatous inflammation on slit lamp test
- Non-granulomatous showing no granulomatous inflammation on slit lamp test
- Classification by Laterality
- Unilateral: Single eye involvement
- Bilateral: Both eyes involvement
- Classification by Etiology[1][2]
- Idiopathic: No known cause
- Infectious: Bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic cause
- Autoimmune/Inflammatory: Caused by a systemic non-infectious inflammatory condition commonly associated with uveitis
- Drug-Induced: Iatrogenic cause by medications that are associated with incidence of uveitis
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Deschenes J, Murray PI, Rao NA, Nussenblatt RB, International Uveitis Study Group (2008). "International Uveitis Study Group (IUSG): clinical classification of uveitis". Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 16 (1): 1–2. doi:10.1080/09273940801899822. PMID 18379933.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Jabs DA, Nussenblatt RB, Rosenbaum JT, Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group (2005). "Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. Results of the First International Workshop". Am J Ophthalmol. 140 (3): 509–16. PMID 16196117.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 McCluskey PJ, Towler HM, Lightman S (2000). "Management of chronic uveitis". BMJ. 320 (7234): 555–8. PMC 1117601. PMID 10688564.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Gutteridge IF, Hall AJ (2007). "Acute anterior uveitis in primary care". Clin Exp Optom. 90 (2): 70–82. doi:10.1111/j.1444-0938.2006.00128.x. PMID 17311570.
- ↑ Guly CM, Forrester JV (2010). "Investigation and management of uveitis". BMJ. 341: c4976. doi:10.1136/bmj.c4976. PMID 20943722.