Rectal prolapse physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shaghayegh Habibi, M.D.[2]
Overview
Patients with rectal prolapse usually have rectal mass or bulge in physical examination.
Physical Examination
Rectal prolapse can be diagnosed in outpatient clinics by history taking and inspection of the protruded rectum.[1] Physical examination of patients with rectal prolapse is usually remarkable for a large rectal mass or bulge that may or may not spontaneously reduce at the completion of a bowel movement or straining.[2] Anal inspection may reveal normal anal area, skin excoriation or irritation and the patulous anus and prolapsed rectum can become visible in a sitting position.[3]
- Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.
OR
- Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for:[finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
- The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].
- The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].
Appearance of the Patient:
- Patients with rectal prolapse usually appear [general appearance].
Vital Signs:
- High-grade / low-grade fever
- Hypothermia / hyperthermia may be present
- Tachycardia with regular pulse or (ir)regularly irregular pulse
- Bradycardia with regular pulse or (ir)regularly irregular pulse
- Tachypnea / bradypnea
- High/low blood pressure with normal pulse pressure / wide pulse pressure / narrow pulse pressure
Skin:
- Skin examination of patients with rectal prolapse is usually normal.
HEENT:
- HEENT examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.
Neck:
- Neck examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.
Lungs:
- Pulmonary examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.
Heart:
- Cardiovascular examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.
Abdomen:
- Abdominal examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.
Back:
- Back examination of patients with rectal prolapse is usually normal.
Genitourinary:
- Genitourinary examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.
OR
- A pelvic/adnexal mass may be palpated
- Inflamed mucosa
- Clear/(color), foul-smelling/odorless penile/vaginal discharge
Neuromuscular:
- Neuromuscular examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.
Extremities:
- Extremities examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.
References
- ↑ Shin EJ (2011). "Surgical treatment of rectal prolapse". J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 27 (1): 5–12. doi:10.3393/jksc.2011.27.1.5. PMC 3053504. PMID 21431090.
- ↑ Bordeianou L, Hicks CW, Kaiser AM, Alavi K, Sudan R, Wise PE (2014). "Rectal prolapse: an overview of clinical features, diagnosis, and patient-specific management strategies". J. Gastrointest. Surg. 18 (5): 1059–69. doi:10.1007/s11605-013-2427-7. PMID 24352613.
- ↑ Patcharatrakul T, Rao S (2017). "Update on the Pathophysiology and Management of Anorectal Disorders". Gut Liver. doi:10.5009/gnl17172. PMID 29050194. Vancouver style error: initials (help)