Rectal prolapse pathophysiology
|
Rectal prolapse Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Rectal prolapse pathophysiology On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Rectal prolapse pathophysiology |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Rectal prolapse pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shaghayegh Habibi, M.D.[2]
Overview
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
The evolution of rectal prolapse starts from excessive straining over time that leads to the weakness of pelvic floor muscles and connective tissue injury (including nerve injury and neuropathy of the pelvic floor) thereby leading to rectal intussusception initially, followed by external mucosal prolapse, and eventually a full protrusion of all layers of the rectal wall through the anus.
In severe cases which the large mass cannot reduce spontaneously, it may become incarcerated or strangulated.
Associated Conditions
Rectal prolapse is associated with several coexisting anatomic abnormalities:[1]
- Diastasis of the levator ani
- Abnormally deep cul-de-sac
- Redundant sigmoid colon
- Patulous anal sphincter
- Loss or attenuation of the rectal sacral attachments
References
- ↑ Bordeianou L, Paquette I, Johnson E, Holubar SD, Gaertner W, Feingold DL, Steele SR (2017). "Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Rectal Prolapse". Dis. Colon Rectum. 60 (11): 1121–1131. doi:10.1097/DCR.0000000000000889. PMID 28991074.