Adrenal insufficiency epidemiology and demographics

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Adrenal insufficiency Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Xyz from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Interventions

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Adrenal insufficiency epidemiology and demographics On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Adrenal insufficiency epidemiology and demographics

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Adrenal insufficiency epidemiology and demographics

CDC on Adrenal insufficiency epidemiology and demographics

Adrenal insufficiency epidemiology and demographics in the news

Blogs on Adrenal insufficiency epidemiology and demographics

Directions to Hospitals Treating Psoriasis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Adrenal insufficiency epidemiology and demographics

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

  • The incidence of adrenal insufficiency is approximately 0.8 new cases per 100,000 individuals per year individuals in the developed world. [1]
  • The incidence of adrenal insufficiency in Europe is approximately 4.4 to 6.2 new cases per 100,000 individuals per year. [2]

Prevalence

  • The prevalence of adrenal insufficiency is approximately 4-11 cases per 100,000 individuals in the developed world. [3]
  • In 2016, Iceland reported the highest prevalence of 221 cases per 100,000 individuals. [4]

Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate

Age

Race

Gender

  • Females are more commonly affected by adrenal insufficiency than males. The female to male ratio is approximately 2 to 1 for primary adrenal insufficiency. [9]
  • Acute adrenal crisis affects males and females equally. [10]

Region

Developed Countries

Worldwide, the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency was Tuberculosis. However, since the 1950s the incidence of autoimmune adrenalitis has been rising. Now, the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency in the developed world is autoimmune adrenalitis. [12]

Developing Countries

The most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency in the developing world is Tuberculosis. [13]

References

  1. Melmed, Shlomo (2020). Williams textbook of endocrinology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. ISBN 9780323555968.
  2. Elshimy G, Alghoula F, Jeong JM. PMID 29763143. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. Melmed, Shlomo (2020). Williams textbook of endocrinology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. ISBN 9780323555968.
  4. Elshimy G, Alghoula F, Jeong JM. PMID 29763143. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  5. Elshimy G, Alghoula F, Jeong JM. PMID 29763143. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  6. Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, Chrousos G, de Herder WW, Dungan K, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Hofland HJ, Kaltsas G, Koch C, Kopp P, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, Morley JE, New M, Purnell J, Singer F, Stratakis CA, Trence DL, Wilson DP, Nicolaides NC, Chrousos GP, Charmandari E. PMID 25905309. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  7. Elshimy G, Alghoula F, Jeong JM. PMID 29763143. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  8. Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, Chrousos G, de Herder WW, Dungan K, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Hofland HJ, Kaltsas G, Koch C, Kopp P, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, Morley JE, New M, Purnell J, Singer F, Stratakis CA, Trence DL, Wilson DP, Nicolaides NC, Chrousos GP, Charmandari E. PMID 25905309. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  9. Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, Chrousos G, de Herder WW, Dungan K, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Hofland HJ, Kaltsas G, Koch C, Kopp P, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, Morley JE, New M, Purnell J, Singer F, Stratakis CA, Trence DL, Wilson DP, Nicolaides NC, Chrousos GP, Charmandari E. PMID 25905309. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  10. Elshimy G, Alghoula F, Jeong JM. PMID 29763143. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  11. Elshimy G, Alghoula F, Jeong JM. PMID 29763143. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. Gardner, David (2018). Greenspan's basic & clinical endocrinology. New York, N.Y: McGraw-Hill Education LLC. ISBN 9781259589287.
  13. Gardner, David (2018). Greenspan's basic & clinical endocrinology. New York, N.Y: McGraw-Hill Education LLC. ISBN 9781259589287.

Template:WH Template:WS