Peripheral arterial disease laboratory findings

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AHA/ACC Guidelines on Management of Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Clinical Assessment of Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Diagnostic Testing for suspected PAD
Guidelines for Screening for Atherosclerotic Disease in Other Vascular Beds in patients with Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Medical Therapy for Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Structured Exercise Therapy for Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Minimizing Tissue Loss in Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Revascularization of Claudication in Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Management of CLI in Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Management of Acute Limb Ischemial in Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Longitudinal Follow-up for Lower Extremity PAD
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Editors-in-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.D., Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Robert G. Schwartz, M.D. [1], Piedmont Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, P.A.; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

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Typical Noninvasive Vascular Laboratory Tests for Lower Extremity PAD Patients by Clinical Presentation - ACC/AHA Guidelines (DO NOT EDIT)

Clinical presentation	Noninvasive vascular test
Asymptomatic lower extremity PAD	ABI
Claudication	ABI, PVR, or segmental pressures; Duplex ultrasound; Exercise test with ABI or assess functional status
Possible pseudoclaudication	Exercise test with ABI
Postoperative vein graft follow-up	Duplex ultrasound
Femoral pseudoaneurysm, iliac or popliteal aneurysm	Duplex ultrasound
Suspected aortic aneurysm; serial AAA follow-up	Abdominal ultrasound, CTA, or MRA
Candidate for revascularization	Duplex ultrasound, MRA, or CTA

2011 ACCF/AHA Focused Update of the Guideline for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease (Updating the 2005 Guideline)(DO NOT EDIT)

Recommendations for Ankle-Brachial Index, Toe-Brachial Index, and Segmental Pressure Examination

Class I

"1. The resting ABI should be used to establish the lower extremity PAD diagnosis in patients with suspected lower extremity PAD, defined as individuals with 1 or more of the following: exertional leg symptoms, nonhealing wounds, age 65 years and older, or 50 years and older with a history of smoking or diabetes.(Level of Evidence: B)"

"2. The ABI should be measured in both legs in all new patients with PAD of any severity to confirm the diagnosis of lower extremity PAD and establish a baseline.(Level of Evidence: B)"

"3. The toe-brachial index should be used to establish the lower extremity PAD diagnosis in patients in whom lower extremity PAD is clinically suspected but in whom the ABI test is not reliable due to noncompressible vessels (usually patients with long-standing diabetes or advanced age). (Level of Evidence: B)"

"4. Leg segmental pressure measurements are useful to establish the lower extremity PAD diagnosis when anatomic localization of lower extremity PAD is required to create a therapeutic plan. (Level of Evidence: B)"

"5. ABI results should be uniformly reported with noncompressible values defined as greater than 1.40, normal values 1.00 to 1.40, borderline 0.91 to 0.99, and abnormal 0.90 or less. (Level of Evidence: B)"

Recommendations for Pulse Volume Recording

Class IIa

"1. Pulse volume recordings are reasonable to establish the initial lower extremity PAD diagnosis, assess localization and severity, and follow the status of lower extremity revascularization procedures. (Level of Evidence: B)"

Recommendations for Treadmill Exercise Testing With and Without ABI Assessments and 6-Minute Walk Test

Class I

"1. Exercise treadmill tests are recommended to provide the most objective evidence of the magnitude of the functional limitation of claudication and to measure the response to therapy. (Level of Evidence: B)"

"2. Astandardized exercise protocol (either fixed or graded) with a motorized treadmill should be used to ensure reproducibility of measurements of pain-free walking distance and maximal walking distance. (Level of Evidence: B)"

"3. Exercise treadmill tests with measurement of preexercise and postexercise ABI values are recommended to provide diagnostic data useful in differentiating arterial claudication from nonarterial claudication (“pseudoclaudication”). (Level of Evidence: B)"

"4. Exercise treadmill tests should be performed in individuals with claudication who are to undergo exercise training (lower extremity PAD rehabilitation) so as to determine functional capacity, assess nonvascular exercise limitations, and demonstrate the safety of exercise. (Level of Evidence: B)"

Class IIb

"1. A 6-minute walk test may be reasonable to provide an objective assessment of the functional limitation of claudication and response to therapy in elderly individuals or others not amenable to treadmill testing. (Level of Evidence: B)

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