Breast lumps causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jyostna Chouturi, M.B.B.S [2], João André Alves Silva, M.D. [3]
Overview
Breast lumps, or breast palpable masses, are the second most common breast symptoms, after mastalgia. These must be distinguished from the normal nodularity of the breast.[1] They can be of cystic or solid nature, which can’t be appropriately distinguished just based on physical examination.[2] Usually a breast lump is only palpable after reaching 2 cm of diameter.[3] Breast lumps are more commonly found in premenopausal women, becoming less frequent with age.[4] The most common etiologies are fibroadenomas, cysts and carcinomas. The probability of malignancy on a breast lump increases with age.[5] Factors like the woman’s age and physical characteristics of the mass, palpated by the clinician, may provide clues about its etiology on an initial assessment. However, a definitive diagnosis must be pursued, since all breast lumps warrant thorough evaluation.[6] Every palpable mass, whose benign nature cannot be appropriately determined by ultrasound, will require biopsy for tissue diagnosis. This also applies to lesions that cannot be visualized by mammography. The role of the mammography in this setting is also to look for other coincident lesions that may not be palpated.[7]
Causes in female
Life Threatening Causes
There are no life-threatening causes.
Common Causes
- Benign inflammatory periductal mastitis
- Breast abscess
- Breast cancer
- Breast adenoma
- Breast trauma
- Cysts of Montgomery
- Duct ectasia of breast
- Estrogen and progestin
- Etonogestrel and ethinyl estradiol
- Fibro-adeno-lipoma
- Galactocele
- Glandular thickening due to hormonal changes of pregnancy
- Gynecomastia
- Hematoma
- Hypertrophy
- Intramammary lymph node
- Lipoma
- Premenstrual syndrome
- Progestin
- Retroareolar cyst
- Simple cyst
Causes in female by Organ System
Causes in female in Alphabetical Order
Life-Threatening Causes
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | Cantalamessa-baldini-ambrosi syndrome |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | Cantalamessa-baldini-ambrosi syndrome, gingival fibromatosis hypertrichosis, H syndrome, Pachydermoperiostosis , |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | Gingival fibromatosis hypertrichosis, H syndrome, Retinitis pigmentosa, deafness, mental retardation, hypogonadism- syndrome |
| Endocrine | 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency , Androgen insensitivity syndrome , Brugschs syndrome, Camera-marugo-cohen syndrome, Cantalamessa-baldini-ambrosi syndrome, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency, 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, Empty sella syndrome , Feminization, Forbes-Albright syndrome , luteinizing hormone releasing hormone deficiency, Gynecomastia, H syndrome, Hanhart syndrome, Heller-nelson syndrome, Hormone replacement therapy, Hyperprolactinemia, Klinefelter syndrome, Lactotroph adenoma, Newborn infant breast swelling, Obal syndrome, Partial androgen insensitivity, Primrose syndrome, pseudohermaphroditism male,Puberty, Salvioli syndrome, Sohval-Soffer syndrome, Summitt syndrome, Tang Hsi Ryu syndrome, Vasquez Hurst Sotos syndrome, Wilson turner syndrome, XX male syndrome, de la chapelle syndrome |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | Cirrhosis of the liver, Hepatocellular carcinoma (fibrolamellar variant), Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Tang Hsi Ryu syndrome |
| Genetic | 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development, Androgen insensitivity syndrome , Brugschs syndrome, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency, 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, Fragile X syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Lesch-Nyhan's syndrome, Obal syndrome, Summitt syndrome, Tang Hsi Ryu syndrome, Vasquez Hurst Sotos syndrome, XX male syndrome, de la chapelle syndrome
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| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | Lymphatic filariasis, |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | Brugschs syndrome, Camera-marugo-cohen syndrome, Lesch-Nyhan's syndrome, Salvioli syndrome, Sohval-Soffer syndrome,Summitt syndrome |
| Neurologic | Camera-marugo-cohen syndrome, Fragile X syndrome,progressive spinobulbar muscular atrophy, Retinitis pigmentosa, deafness, mental retardation, hypogonadism, Sohval-Soffer syndrome, Spinal muscular atrophy, Summitt syndrome, Tang Hsi Ryu syndrome, Vasquez Hurst Sotos syndrome, wilson turner syndrome, |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | Breast cancer |
| Ophthalmologic | Cantalamessa-baldini-ambrosi syndrome, Obal syndrome, Retinitis pigmentosa, deafness, mental retardation, hypogonadism. |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | sexual arousal |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | sexual arousal |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Male in Alphabetical order
References
- ↑ Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson.; Robbins, Stanley L. (Stanley Leonard); Cotran, Ramzi S. (2005). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disea. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. ISBN 978-0-7216-0187-8.
- ↑ Andreoli, Thomas E.; Cecil, Russell L. (Russell La Fayette) (2010). Andreoli and Carpenter's Cecil essentials of medicin. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4160-6109-0.
- ↑ Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson.; Robbins, Stanley L. (Stanley Leonard); Cotran, Ramzi S. (2005). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disea. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. ISBN 978-0-7216-0187-8.
- ↑ Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson.; Robbins, Stanley L. (Stanley Leonard); Cotran, Ramzi S. (2005). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disea. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. ISBN 978-0-7216-0187-8.
- ↑ Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson.; Robbins, Stanley L. (Stanley Leonard); Cotran, Ramzi S. (2005). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disea. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. ISBN 978-0-7216-0187-8.
- ↑ Bickley, Lynn S.; Szilagyi, Peter G.; Bates, Barbara (2009). Bates' guide to physical examination and history taki. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-8058-6.
- ↑ Andreoli, Thomas E.; Cecil, Russell L. (Russell La Fayette) (2010). Andreoli and Carpenter's Cecil essentials of medicin. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4160-6109-0.