Rectal prolapse classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shaghayegh Habibi, M.D.[2]
Overview
Rectal prolapse may be classified into complete and incomplete subtypes based on disease extension or be classified into pediatric and adult subtypes based on age of presentation. Also it may be classified by disease grading.
Classification
Classification by disease grading:
Rectal prolapse is graded into four types: [1]
- Grade 1: up to anal verge
- Grade 2: prolapse outside the anus but reduces spontaneously
- Grade 3: prolapses outside the anus but can be manually reduced
- Grade 4: prolapse can not be reduced manually
Classification by disease extension:
Rectal prolapse is classified by disease extension into two subtypes:[2]
- Complete prolapse: a protrusion of the entire layer of the rectum to the outside of the anus.
- Incomplete prolapse: the protruding rectal wall is limited to the inside of the anal canal. Mucosal prolapse is not a protrusion of the whole layer of the rectal wall, but only the anal mucosa.
Classification by age of presentation:
Rectal prolapse may be classified by age of presentation into two subtypes:[3]
- Pediatric type: which usually presents with mucosal prolapse only
- Adult type: showing full-thickness protrusion
References
- ↑ Patcharatrakul T, Rao S (2017). "Update on the Pathophysiology and Management of Anorectal Disorders". Gut Liver. doi:10.5009/gnl17172. PMID 29050194. Vancouver style error: initials (help)
- ↑ Shin EJ (2011). "Surgical treatment of rectal prolapse". J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 27 (1): 5–12. doi:10.3393/jksc.2011.27.1.5. PMC 3053504. PMID 21431090.
- ↑ Elhaddad A, Amerstorfer EE, Singer G, Huber-Zeyringer A, Till H (2017). "Laparoscopic posterior rectopexy (Well's procedure) for full-thickness rectal prolapse following laparoscopic repair of an anorectal malformation: A case report". Int J Surg Case Rep. 42: 187–190. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.12.020. PMC 5737946. PMID 29268123.