Hypersensitivity pneumonitis causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Causes
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis can be caused by exposure to organic antigens that can occur in different occupations.
- Hundreds of etiological causes can lead to hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
- Etiology can be divided among various occupations:
Farmers[1]
- Farmers lung is the most common form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
- It can further be divided based on the type of farming and antigen exposure.
- Tobacco farmer: Most common antigen are aspergillus and scopulariopsis brevicaulis.
- Paprika pods farmer: Most common antigen mucor stolonifer.
- Wine makers: Most common antigen botrytis cincrea.
- Mushroom cultivaters: Most common antigens are mushroom spores and thermophilic actinomycetes.
- Potato farming: Most common antigens are thermophilic actinomycetes, T. vulgaris and F. rectivirgula.
Poultry/bird handling[2]
- Excreta of birds and cattle may induce hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
- Proteinaceous material on droppings, feathers and serum proteins is dispersed through dust.
- It can further be divided based on the type of antigen exposure:
- Poultry workers: Serum proteins from chicken products lead to feather plucker's disease.
- Turkey handlers: Most common antigens are serum proteins from turkey products.
- Duck handlers: Most common antigens are serum proteins from duck feathers products.
Veterinarians
- Vererinarians are exposed to variety of organic antigens as they work in close proximity to animals.
Constructions workers[3]
- Construction workers work with a variety of materials which can get infected with mold
- This can then disperse in fine dust particles carrying mold particles acting as antigens.
- It can further be divided based on the type of antigen exposure:
- Wood dust: Most common antigens are Alternaria sp and Bacillus subtilis.
- Maple bark: Most common antigen is cryptostroma corticale.
- Composter: Most common antigens are T. vulgaris, and aspergillus.
- Thatched-roof: Most common antigen is saccharomonospora viridis
- Esparto dust: Most common antigens aspergillus fumigatus and T. actinomycetes.
Textile workers[4]
- This exposure can lead to atypical type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
- Diffuse alveolar injury in the form of desquamative interstitial pneumonitis is most common.
- Exposure to antigens like cotton mill dust, aflatoxin-producing fungus and puffball spores leads to hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
References
- ↑ Malmberg P, Rask-Andersen A, Rosenhall L (1993). "Exposure to microorganisms associated with allergic alveolitis and febrile reactions to mold dust in farmers". Chest. 103 (4): 1202–9. PMID 8131466.
- ↑ Chan AL, Juarez MM, Leslie KO, Ismail HA, Albertson TE (2012). "Bird fancier's lung: a state-of-the-art review". Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 43 (1–2): 69–83. doi:10.1007/s12016-011-8282-y. PMID 21870048.
- ↑ Alegre J, Morell F, Cobo E (1990). "Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function of workers exposed to cork dust, toluene diisocyanate and conidia". Scand J Work Environ Health. 16 (3): 175–81. PMID 2166333.
- ↑ Lougheed MD, Roos JO, Waddell WR, Munt PW (1995). "Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis and diffuse alveolar damage in textile workers. Potential role of mycotoxins". Chest. 108 (5): 1196–200. PMID 7587416.