Fat embolism syndrome laboratory findings
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]
Overview
Laboratory Findings
Fat embolism syndrome is associated with elevations in the following laboratory values:[1][2]
- Plasma PLA2 (phospholipase A2)
- Nitrate/nitrite
- Methylguanidine
- TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-α)
- IL-1β (interleukin-1β)
- IL-10 (interleukin-10)
- IL-6 (interleukin-6)[3]
The recovery of fat from pulmonary artery (PA) catheter wedged blood, sputum and urine is nonspecific. One study found fat in 50% of sera from patients with long bone fractures who had no evidence of FES. Bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) seem to be more specific by demonstrating fat droplets in alveolar macrophages.
References
- ↑ Kao, Shang Jyh; Yeh, Diana Yu-Wung; Chen, Hsing I. (2007). "Clinical and pathological features of fat embolism with acute respiratory distress syndrome". Clinical Science. 113 (6): 279–285. doi:10.1042/CS20070011. ISSN 0143-5221.
- ↑ Bulger EM, Smith DG, Maier RV, Jurkovich GJ (1997). "Fat embolism syndrome. A 10-year review". Arch Surg. 132 (4): 435–9. PMID 9108767.
- ↑ Prakash S, Sen RK, Tripathy SK, Sen IM, Sharma RR, Sharma S (2013). "Role of interleukin-6 as an early marker of fat embolism syndrome: a clinical study". Clin Orthop Relat Res. 471 (7): 2340–6. doi:10.1007/s11999-013-2869-y. PMC 3676609. PMID 23423626.