Small intestine cancer overview
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
In oncology, small intestine cancer, also small bowel cancer and cancer of the small bowel, is a cancer of the small intestine. It is relatively rare compared to other gastrointestinal malignancies such as gastric cancer (stomach cancer) and colorectal cancer. Small intestine cancer can be subdivided into duodenal cancer (the first part of the small intestine) and cancer of the jejunum and ileum (the later two parts of the small intestine).
Several different subtypes of small intestine cancer exist. These include:
Surgery is the most common treatment. Additional options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy or a combination.
Overview
Historical Perspective
Small intestine cancer is a rare presentation and recent increase in its incident compelled the researchers to study it further. There is no significant information about intestinal cancers in history.
Classification
Small intestine cancer may be classified into adenocarcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, lymphoma, ileal carcinoid tumor, and sarcoma (most commonly leiomyosarcoma and rarely angiosarcoma or liposarcoma).
Pathophysiology
Adenocarcinoma is the most common sub-type of small intestine cancer. Second most common is carcinoid tumor. Adenocarcinomas can be polypoid, infiltrating or they appear as annular constricting lesions in small intestine. On gross pathology, napkin ring appearance or polypoidal fungatining mass are characteristic findings of small intestine cancer. Carcinoid tumors of the smalls intestine are mostly associated with malignant tumors of the other sites. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common benign tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Small intestinal lymphomas are of low-grade histology and arise from mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT)..