Fever of unknown origin causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
Causes
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is the most frequent cause of FUO.[1] Drug fever, as sole symptom of an adverse reaction to medication, should always be thought of. Disseminated granulomatoses such as Tuberculosis, Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, Blastomycosis and Sarcoidosis are associated with FUO.
Lymphomas are the most common cause of FUO in adults. Thromboembolic disease (i.e. pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis) occasionally shows fever. Although infrequent, its potentially lethal consequences warrant evaluation of this cause. Endocarditis, although uncommon, is another important thing to consider. An underestimated reason is factitious fever. Patients frequently are women that work, or have worked, in the medical field and have complex medical histories.[2]
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | Endocarditis |
| Chemical / poisoning | Bismuth |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Allopurinol, Amphotericin B, Aminoglutethimide, Barbiturates, Bismuth, Chlorpromazine, Ethotoin, GMCSF, Levomepromazine, Methyldopa, Perazine, Phenophthalein, Pipothiazine, Promazine, Penicillin, Phenytoin, Quinidine, Rifampicin
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| Ear Nose Throat | |
| Endocrine | |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | |
| Genetic | |
| Hematologic | |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho | |
| Neurologic | |
| Nutritional / Metabolic | |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | |
| Oncologic | |
| Opthalmologic | |
| Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal / Electrolyte | |
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy | |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous |
References
- ↑ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 16th Edition, The McGraw-Hill Companies, ISBN 0-07-140235-7
- ↑ Mandell's Principles and Practices of Infection Diseases 6th Edition (2004) by Gerald L. Mandell MD, MACP, John E. Bennett MD, Raphael Dolin MD, ISBN 0-443-06643-4 · Hardback · 4016 Pages Churchill Livingstone