Personality disorder classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Classification
List of Personality Disorders Defined in the DSM
The DSM-IV lists ten personality disorders, grouped into three clusters. The DSM also contains a category for behavioral patterns that do not match these ten disorders, but nevertheless exhibit characteristics of a personality disorder. This category is labeled Personality Disorder NOS (Not Otherwise Specified).
Cluster A (odd or eccentric disorders)
Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, or erratic disorders)
Cluster C (anxious or fearful disorders)
- Avoidant personality disorder
- Dependent personality disorder (not the same as Dysthymia)
- Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (not the same as Obsessive-compulsive disorder)
Revisions and Exclusions from Past DSM Editions
The revision of the previous edition of the DSM, DSM-III-R, also contained the Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder, the Self-Defeating Personality Disorder, and the Sadistic Personality Disorder. Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder is a pattern of negative attitudes and passive resistance in interpersonal situations. Self-defeating personality disorder is characterised by behaviour that consequently undermines the person's pleasure and goals. Sadistic Personality Disorder is a pervasive pattern of cruel, demeaning, and aggressive behavior. These categories were removed in the current version of the DSM, because it is questionable whether these are separate disorders. Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder and Depressive personality disorder were placed in an appendix of DSM-IV for research purposes.
World Health Organization
The ICD-10 section on mental and behavioral disorders includes categories of personality disorder and enduring personality changes. They are defined as ingrained patterns indicated by inflexible and disabling responses that significantly differ from how the average person in the culture perceives, thinks and feels, particularly in relating to others.[1]
The specific personality disorders are: paranoid, schizoid, dissocial, emotionally unstable (borderline type and impulsive type), histrionic, anankastic, anxious (avoidant) and dependent.[2]
There is also an 'Other' category involving conditions characterized as eccentric, haltlose (derived from "haltlos" (German) = drifting, aimless and irresponsible),[3] immature, narcissistic, passive-aggressive or psychoneurotic. An additional category is for unspecified personality disorder, including character neurosis and pathological personality.
There is also a category for Mixed and other personality disorders, defined as conditions that are often troublesome but do not demonstrate the specific pattern of symptoms in the named disorders. Finally there is a category of Enduring personality changes, not attributable to brain damage and disease. This is for conditions that seem to arise in adults without a diagnosis of personality disorder, following catastrophic or prolonged stress or other psychiatric illness.
References
- ↑ WHO (2010) ICD-10: Specific Personality Disorders
- ↑ "International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) Version for 2010 (Online Version)". Apps.who.int. Retrieved on 2013-04-16.
- ↑ Langmaack, C. (2000). "'Haltlose' type personality disorder (ICD-10 F60.8)". The Psychiatrist. 24 (6): 235–236. doi:10.1192/pb.24.6.235-b.