Oligodendroglioma pathophysiology
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]
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Overview
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
- Oligodendroglioma does not arise from the bipotential oligodendrocytes, although tumor cells look very similiar.[1]
- Oligodendroglioma arises from the tripotential glial precursor cells.
Genetics
- Development of oligodendroglioma is the result from multiple genetic mutations.
- Genes associated with the pathogenesis of oligodendroglioma include:[2][3][4][5]
Gross Pathology
- On gross pathology, oligodendroglioma is characterized by a well-circumscribed, gelatinous, gray mass which may expand a gyrus and remodel the skull.[6]
- Other characteristic gross pathological features associated with oligodendroglioma include:[6]
- Calcification (70-90%; one of the most frequently calcifying tumors)
- Focal hemorrhage
- Cystic (20%)
- Common intracranial sites associated with oligodendroglioma include:[7]
- Cerebral hemispheres - most commonly frontal lobe (50-60%), followed by parietal and temporal lobes
- Posterior fossa (rare)
- Intramedullary spinal cord (very rare)
Microscopic Pathology
On microscopic histopathological analysis, oligodendroglioma is characterized by:[8]
- Diffusely growing tumor
- Highly cellular lesion composed of cells resembling fried eggs with:
- Round nucleus - key feature
- Distinct cell borders
- Moderate-to-marked nuclear atypia
- Clear cytoplasm
- Some oligodendrogliomas have eosinophilic cytoplasm with focal perinuclear clearing
- Acutely branched capillary sized vessels - "chicken-wire" like appearance
- Abundant, delicate appearing; may vaguely resemble a paraganglioma at low power
- Calcifications - striking feature
- Perifocal edema - rare
- Few tumors may exhibit eosinophilic granular bodies
- Some tumors may show a spongioblastoma-like growth pattern
On microscopic histopathological analysis, anaplastic oligodendroglioma is characterized by:[8]
- Significant or brisk mitotic activity (>= 6 mitoses per 10 HPF)
- Microvacular proliferation
- Necrosis
- Tumor cells may be plasmacytoid (i.e. have a plasma cell-like appearance)
- Also called as minigemistocytes
Immunohistochemistry
Oligodendroglioma is demonstrated by positivity to tumor markers such as:[9]
- MAP2
- GFAP
- S-100
- EMA
- IDH1-R132H
- ATRX
- Ki-67
- NSE
- Synaptophysin
References
- ↑ General features of oligodendroglioma. Libre Pathology. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Oligodendroglioma#cite_note-1
- ↑ Yip S, Butterfield YS, Morozova O, Chittaranjan S, Blough MD, An J; et al. (2012). "Concurrent CIC mutations, IDH mutations, and 1p/19q loss distinguish oligodendrogliomas from other cancers". J Pathol. 226 (1): 7–16. doi:10.1002/path.2995. PMC 3246739. PMID 22072542.
- ↑ Molecular genetics of oligodendroglioma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendroglioma
- ↑ Bettegowda C, Agrawal N, Jiao Y, Sausen M, Wood LD, Hruban RH; et al. (2011). "Mutations in CIC and FUBP1 contribute to human oligodendroglioma". Science. 333 (6048): 1453–5. doi:10.1126/science.1210557. PMC 3170506. PMID 21817013.
- ↑ Prognosis and treatment of oligodendroglioma. Wikipedia 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendroglioma
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Gross appearance of oligodendroglioma. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/oligodendroglioma
- ↑ Gross/radiologic findings of oligodendroglioma. Libre Pathology. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Oligodendroglioma
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Microscopic features of oligodendroglioma. Libre Pathology. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Oligodendroglioma
- ↑ IHC of oligodendroglioma. Libre Pathology. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Oligodendroglioma