Lymphangitis causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vendhan Ramanujam M.B.B.S [2]Vishal Devarkonda, M.B.B.S[3]
Overview
The etiology varies depending on the clinical form of Lymphangitis.
Causes
Based on clinical form and pathogen causing it, the causes of lymphangitis are furthur classified as follows:[1][2][3][4][5][4][6] [7][8][9][10]
Infectious causes of Lymphangitis based on clinical form
Common causes of Acute Lymphangitis
- Group A streptococcus
- Staphyloccocal aureus
- Pasteurella multocida
Common causes Chronic Granulomatous Lymphangitis
Infectious causes
- Sporothrix schencki
- Mycobacterium marium
- Nocardia brasiliensis
- Leishmania braziliensis
- Francisella tularensis
Common causes Filarial Lymphangitis
- Wuchereria Bancrofti
- Brugia malayi
- Brugia timori
- Brugia pseudomallei
Less common causes of Acute Lymphangitis
Infectious causes
- Spirillum Minus
- Herpes simplex virus
- Ricettsia sibirica monogolotimonae
- Lymphogrnuloma venerum
- Erysipelothrix
- erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
- Bacillus anthracis
Less common causes of Chronic Granulomatous Lymphangitis
Infectious causes
- nocardia
- nocardia asteroides
- nocardia brasiliensis,
- Mycobacterium chelonae
- leishmania braziliensis
- leishmania guyanensis
- leishmania major
- leishmania mexicana
- leishmania panamensis
- leishmania tropica
- leishmania
- leishmaniasis,
- Mycobacterium kansasii
- Blastomyces dermatitidis
- Coccidioides immitis
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Histoplasma capsulatum
- Botryomycosis
- Stretococcus pyogenes
Causes for lymphangitis due to non-infectious etiology
- Lymphangitis carcinomatosa[5]
- Crohn's disease [11]
- Radiation
- Venom of Scolopendra [12]
- sclerosing lymphangitis of the penis [13][14]
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis [15][16]
- Tuberculin skin rest[17]
References
- ↑ lymphanitis "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on October 12,2016
- ↑ lymphanitis Mandell, GERALD L. "Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's." Principles and practice of infectious diseases 7 (1995) Accessed on October 12,2016
- ↑ Kostman JR, DiNubile MJ (1993). "Nodular lymphangitis: a distinctive but often unrecognized syndrome". Ann Intern Med. 118 (11): 883–8. PMID 8480962.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Wenner KA, Kenner JR (2004). "Anthrax". Dermatol Clin. 22 (3): 247–56, v. doi:10.1016/j.det.2004.03.001. PMID 15207306.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bruce DM, Heys SD, Eremin O (1996). "Lymphangitis carcinomatosa: a literature review". J R Coll Surg Edinb. 41 (1): 7–13. PMID 8930034.
- ↑ Sands M, Brown R (1988). "Herpes simplex lymphangitis. Two cases and a review of the literature". Arch Intern Med. 148 (9): 2066–7. PMID 3046547.
- ↑ Lázaro MJ, López PM, Vall-Mayans M, Fernández BL, Rodríguez-Guardado A (2013). "A case of late-stage lymphogranuloma venereum in a woman in Europe". Sex Transm Dis. 40 (10): 792–3. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000014. PMID 24275729.
- ↑ de Sousa R, Duque L, Anes M, Poças J, Torgal J, Bacellar F; et al. (2008). "Lymphangitis in a Portuguese patient infected with Rickettsia sibirica". Emerg Infect Dis. 14 (3): 529–30. doi:10.3201/eid1403.070680. PMC 2570837. PMID 18325289.
- ↑ Van Kruiningen HJ, Colombel JF (2008). "The forgotten role of lymphangitis in Crohn's disease". Gut. 57 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1136/gut.2007.123166. PMID 18094195.
- ↑ Ergen ŞA, Tiken EE, Öksüz DÇ, Dinçbaş FÖ, Dervişoğlu S, Mandel NM; et al. (2016). "The Role of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Primary or Recurrent Desmoid Tumors and Long-Term Results". Balkan Med J. 33 (3): 316–21. doi:10.5152/balkanmedj.2016.140560. PMC 4898991. PMID 27308076.
- ↑ Van Kruiningen HJ, Hayes AW, Colombel JF (2014). "Granulomas obstruct lymphatics in all layers of the intestine in Crohn's disease". APMIS. 122 (11): 1125–9. doi:10.1111/apm.12268. PMID 24730532.
- ↑ Fenderson JL (2014). "Centipede envenomation: bringing the pain to Hawai'i and Pacific Islands". Hawaii J Med Public Health. 73 (11 Suppl 2): 41–3. PMC 4244901. PMID 25478303.
- ↑ Murphy MJ, Kogan B, Carlson JA (2001). "Granulomatous lymphangitis of the scrotum and penis. Report of a case and review of the literature of genital swelling with sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation". J Cutan Pathol. 28 (8): 419–24. PMID 11493380.
- ↑ Rosen T, Hwong H (2003). "Sclerosing lymphangitis of the penis". J Am Acad Dermatol. 49 (5): 916–8. doi:10.1067/S0190. PMID 14576679.
- ↑ Marshall JB (1993). "Tuberculosis of the gastrointestinal tract and peritoneum". Am J Gastroenterol. 88 (7): 989–99. PMID 8317433.
- ↑ Horvath KD, Whelan RL (1998). "Intestinal tuberculosis: return of an old disease". Am J Gastroenterol. 93 (5): 692–6. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.207_a.x. PMID 9625110.
- ↑ Morrison JB (1984). "Lymphangitis after tuberculin tests". Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 289 (6442): 413. PMC 1442414. PMID 6432121.