Ureaplasma urealyticum risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fatimo Biobaku M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Risk factors
Risk factors for Ureaplasma infection in infants include the following:[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Neonatal factors
- Prematurity
- Low birth weight
- Perinatal asphyxia (Apgar score less than 6 at 5min)
- Mechanical ventilation of the infant
- Tracheal colonization of the infant by Ureaplasma species: The risk of developing moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia is increased by 7-9 folds in mechanically ventilated infants with Ureaplasma positive tracheal aspirate compared to mechanically ventilated infants with Ureaplasma positive nasopharyngeal sample.
- Congenital anomalies such as meningomyelocele
Maternal factors
- Prolonged or preterm rupture of membranes
- Chorioamnionitis
- Heavy vaginal colonization by Ureaplasma species
- Low socioeconomic status
Risk factors for Ureaplasma colonization/infection in adult men and women:[7][8][9][10][11][12]
- Multiple sexual partners
- Younger age
- Urogenital colonization/infection with other microorganisms
- Low socioeconomic status
- Immunosuppresion such as congenital immunodeficiency disorders like hypogammaglobulinemia.
References
- ↑ Invalid
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<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedpmid18577163 - ↑ Kikhney J, von Schöning D, Steding I, Schulze J, Petrich A, Hiergeist A; et al. (2017). "Is Ureaplasma spp. the leading causative agent of acute chorioamnionitis in women with preterm birth?". Clin Microbiol Infect. 23 (2): 119.e1–119.e7. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2016.10.010. PMID 27756710.
- ↑ Koucký M, Malíčková K, Cindrová-Davies T, Smíšek J, Vráblíková H, Černý A; et al. (2016). "Prolonged progesterone administration is associated with less frequent cervicovaginal colonization by Ureaplasma urealyticum during pregnancy - Results of a pilot study". J Reprod Immunol. 116: 35–41. doi:10.1016/j.jri.2016.04.285. PMID 27172838.
- ↑ Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedpmid25717022 - ↑ Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedpmid11939406 - ↑ Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedpmid15379939 - ↑ Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedpmid20498103 - ↑ Benedetto C, Tibaldi C, Marozio L, Marini S, Masuelli G, Pelissetto S; et al. (2004). "Cervicovaginal infections during pregnancy: epidemiological and microbiological aspects". J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 16 Suppl 2: 9–12. doi:10.1080/14767050410001727107. PMID 15590426.
- ↑ George MD, Cardenas AM, Birnbaum BK, Gluckman SJ (2015). "Ureaplasma septic arthritis in an immunosuppressed patient with juvenile idiopathic arthritis". J Clin Rheumatol. 21 (4): 221–4. doi:10.1097/RHU.0000000000000248. PMID 26010188.