Bourbon virus infection overview
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Historical Perspective
In 2014, Olga Kosoy, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention isolated Bourbon virus for the first time from a blood sample of an infected person in Bourbon County, Kansas, United States.
Classification
Bourbon virus infection can be classified under tick-borne diseases.
Pathophysiology
Causes
Bourbon virus infection is caused by a type of thogotovirus, which belongs to Orthomyxoviridae family. It is a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus, which is segmented and exists in two different morphologies.[1]
Differentiating Bourbon virus infection from other Diseases
Bourbon virus infection must be differentiated from other diseases that may cause arthralgia, fever, and skin manifestations with the history of exposure to ticks. The differential diagnosis of Bourbon virus disease includes Lyme disease, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, leptospirosis, and influenza.
Epidemiology and Demographics
There have been a very limited number of Bourbon virus disease cases identified in the United States since 2014. [2]
Risk Factors
The most potent risk factor in the development of Bourbon virus infection is a tick bite. Other risk factors include traveling or residing within endemic regions will increase chances of infection.
Screening
According to CDC, there is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for Bourbon virus infection.[2]
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
X ray
CT scan
MRI
Ultrasound
Other Imaging findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
There is no specific treatment, cure, or vaccine for Bourbon virus infection. Early diagnosis, hospitalization, and supportive therapy are fundamentals of treatment.
Surgery
Surgical intervention is not recommended for the management of Bourbon virus infection.
Primary Prevention
There is no vaccine or drug to prevent Bourbon virus disease. Therefore, preventing bites from ticks and other insects is the best way to prevent infection.[3]
Secondary Prevention
Secondary preventive measures for Bourbon virus infection are similar to primary prevention.
References
- ↑ Lambert AJ, Velez JO, Brault AC, Calvert AE, Bell-Sakyi L, Bosco-Lauth AM, Staples JE, Kosoy OI (2015). "Molecular, serological and in vitro culture-based characterization of Bourbon virus, a newly described human pathogen of the genus Thogotovirus". J. Clin. Virol. 73: 127–32. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2015.10.021. PMID 26609638.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Bourbon virus | Division of Vector-Borne Diseases (DVBD) | NCEZID | CDC".
- ↑ Schweon, Steven J. (2016). "Bourbon virus". Nursing. 46 (4): 65. doi:10.1097/01.NURSE.0000481418.81092.98. ISSN 0360-4039.