Cerebral palsy classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Classification
Manual Ability Classification System
The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) classifies children with cerebral palsy into five levels. The levels are based on the children’s self-initiated ability to handle objects and their need for assistance or adaptation to perform manual activities in everyday life.[1]
| Does the child handle most kind of daily activities independently ( during play and leisure, eating and dressing) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Does the child handle even more difficult tasks with fair speed and accuracy and does not need alternative ways to perform | Does the child perform number of mannual tasks which commonly need to prepared or adapted and help is needed occasionally | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | No | Yes | No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 Handles objects easily and successfully | Level 2 Handles most objects with reduced quality and speed of acheivement | Level 3 Handles objects with difficulty but needs preparation | Can the child perform easy activites with frequent support | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 4 Handles easy activites with limitations and support | Level 5 Cannot handle daily activites has severely limited abilities to perform even simple actions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Motor Function Classification System
The Gross Motor Function Classification System or GMFCS also classifies children with cerebral palsy into five levels. The levels are based on self-initiated movement abilities, in particular sitting and walking.[2]
| Level | Description | ||
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| 1 |
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| 2 |
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| 3 | Children walk using a hand-held mobility device in most indoor settings. They may climb stairs holding onto a railing with supervision or assistance. Children use wheeled mobility when traveling long distances and may self-propel for shorter distances | ||
| 4 | Children use methods of mobility that require physical assistance or powered mobility in most settings. They may walk for short distances at home with physical assistance or use powered mobility or a body support walker when positioned. At school, outdoors and in the community children are transported in a manual wheelchair or use powered mobility. | ||
| 5 | Children are transported in a manual wheelchair in all settings. Children are limited in their ability to maintain antigravity head and trunk postures and control leg and arm movements. |
References
- ↑ Paulson A, Vargus-Adams J (2017). "Overview of Four Functional Classification Systems Commonly Used in Cerebral Palsy". Children (Basel). 4 (4). doi:10.3390/children4040030. PMC 5406689. PMID 28441773.
- ↑ Carnahan KD, Arner M, Hägglund G (2007). "Association between gross motor function (GMFCS) and manual ability (MACS) in children with cerebral palsy. A population-based study of 359 children". BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 8: 50. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-8-50. PMC 1919364. PMID 17584944.